Abstract:
:Persons suffering from schizophrenia present cognitive impairments that have a major functional impact on their lives. Particularly, executive functions and episodic memory are consistently found to be impaired. Neuroimaging allows the investigation of affected areas of the brain associated with these impairments and, moreover, the detection of brain functioning improvements after cognitive remediation interventions. For instance, executive function impairments have been associated with prefrontal cortex volume and thickness; cognitive control impairments are correlated with an increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, and episodic memory impairments are linked to hippocampal reduction. Some findings suggest the presence of brain compensatory mechanisms in schizophrenia, e.g. recruiting broader cortical areas to perform identical tasks. Similarly, neuroimaging studies of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia focus differentially on structural, functional and connectivity changes. Cognitive remediation improvements have been reported in two main areas: the prefrontal and thalamic regions. It has been suggested that those changes imply a functional reorganisation of neural networks, and cognitive remediation interventions might have a neuroprotective effect. Future studies should use multimodal neuroimaging procedures and more complex theoretical models to identify, confirm and clarify these and newer outcomes. This chapter highlights neuroimaging findings in anatomical and functional brain correlates of schizophrenia, as well as its application and potential use for identifying brain changes after cognitive remediation.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Penadés R,Franck N,González-Vallespí L,Dekerle Mdoi
10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-01 00:00:00pages
117-134eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
1118pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We examined whether acetazolamide (ACZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, would alter post-hypoxic ventilatory behavior and periodic breathing in the C57BL/6J (B6) mouse. Experiments were performed with unanaesthetized, awake adult male B6 mice (n = 5, 2.5 months old, 21.3 +/- 1.5 g, mean +/- SD) and ventilatory behavi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_13
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positive as well as negative health effects of exposure of human skin to UV radiation depend on spectra and fluence rates, both of which being dependent on latitude, time of the day and several other factors. The major positive effects are related to vitamin D photosynthesis and the major negative effect is skin cance...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a group of seriously devastating and life-threatening rare monogenic diseases characterized by focal iron accumulation in the brain. The main symptoms of NBIA comprise progressive movement disorder, often including painful dystonia, parkinsonism, mental disabili...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9589-5_9
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional oxygen-17 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and localized spectroscopy is defined as the ensemble of MR measurements aiming at in vivo, noninvasive characterization of oxygen transport and utilization. After a brief description of the present status of in vivo 17O-MR, preliminary results are reported on oxyge...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0205-0_35
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s or CYPs) catalyze an enormous variety of oxidative reactions in organisms from all major domains of life. Their monooxygenase activity relies on the reductive scission of molecular oxygen (O2) bound to P450 heme iron, and thus on the delivery of two electrons to the heme iron at discrete...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16009-2_11
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to clarify the significance of the renal kallikrein(KAL)-kinin(KIN) system and prostaglandins (PG) in exaggerated natriuresis in essential hypertensives, the effect of acute sodium load on urinary KAL, KIN, PG, and renal water and sodium handling were investigated in normotensives (NT) and patients with essen...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0154-8_42
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single protein is often capable of binding with many partners, enabling potential effects on either protein, such as modifying its expression or activity. However, due to the complex nature of in vivo systems, it is often difficult to perform nontargeted assays with a protein of interest. Methods in discovery proteo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52479-5_19
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial ATPase and adenylate kinase activity of hepatoma cells were inhibited by hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) followed by photoirradiation. Inhibition of ATPase activity was a dose- and time-related event. Malonaldehyde (MDA) content of mitochondrial membranes was markedly increased by HPD plus light. The co...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2165-1_19
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Na+, K(+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is present in the membrane of eukaryotic cells and represent a major pathway for Na+ and K+ transport across the plasma membrane. Cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin or ouabain, inhibit this enzyme activity by binding to a specific receptor on the membrane. Stu...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1893-8_3
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study investigated a panel of lysosomal enzymes in the liver and kidney tissues in alloxan-induced diabetes in the mouse. The mice were divided into six experimental groups receiving 10% alloxan at a dose of 50 and 75 mg/kg over a period of four, eight, and twelve days; each group was compared with controls receiv...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2017_102
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyamines modulate many biological functions. Here we report a novel inhibitory modulation by spermine of catecholamine release by the rat carotid body and have identified the molecular mechanism underpinning it. We used molecular (RT-PCR and confocal microscopy) and functional (i.e., neurotransmitter release, patch ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2259-2_11
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli is one of the most-studied species of bacteria due to its frequent incidence in diverse environments and hosts, as well as its use as a tool in molecular biology. Most E. coli strains are commensal, in that they colonize the host without causing disease; however, some strains of E. coli are pathogens ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_9
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The experimental use of capsaicin has made possible the discovery that chemosensitive neurons participate in the activation of endogenous mechanisms of protection in the face of pending injury to the gastric mucosa. At present, the pathophysiological potential of this neural emergency system is best reflected by the g...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CA19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9, also called cancer antigen 19-9 or sialylated Lewis a antigen) is the most commonly used and best validated serum tumor marker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis in symptomatic patients and for monitoring therapy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Normally synthesized by normal...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_15
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A monoclonal antibody (mAb B7C9) to human factor XII was produced which blocked the surface mediated coagulant activity of factor XII but not the amidolysis of H-D-ProPheArg-pNA. The mAb epitope was localized to a 20 amino acid sequence of 2.5 kDa in the heavy chain of factor XII. ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9543-4_72
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Storyboards are a series of thumbnail images that act as a planning document for your overall animation project. Each thumbnail image is part of what is known as a shot, and shots are strung together to create scenes, which in turn create a whole animation. Medical animations, compared to film or animated movies, have...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37639-0_8
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many similarities were observed in the behavioral and neurochemical actions of ethanol and chlordiazepoxide (CDZ) suggesting that these agents may share common mechanisms of action. However, similarities in these actions could not be explained by effects on a benzodiazepine binding site, since only CDZ interacted with...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1419-7_76
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-protein associations represent the building blocks of biological systems. The classification of different types of protein association is fundamental to an understanding of the interactions they exhibit. A protein association can be classified as homo- (identical components) or hetero- (non-identical component...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3229-6_3
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol drinking increases the risk for a number of cancers. Currently, the highest risk (Group 1) concerns oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, colorectum, and female breast, as assessed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Alcohol and other beverage constituents, their metabolic effe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_3
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between temperature and seasonal fluctuations in births is presented cross nationally. Previous literature which give some credence to this relationship is reviewed, but the authors caution that there is no singular reason for birth seasonality. The summary conclusion is that the evidence is inconcl...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5913-5_7
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many aspects of the structure of chymosin are quite unique even though structure comparisons indicate a high degree of structural homology with other eukaryotic aspartic proteinases. The structural homology is shown to be directly related to the sequence homology which varies from 30 to 60%. The recent structures of p...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6012-4_3
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is no doubt that feeding and nutrient availability modify the metabolism through hormonal changes. It is otherwise interesting to better define the influence of the imposed or freely chosen meal distribution during the day; in fact the daily feed intake in a relatively short time, namely during the daylight, see...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/0-306-46832-8_27
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins are environmental pollutants. Prenatally, as well as postnatally through breast feeding, large amounts are transferred from mother to the child. Formula is free of these substances. Considering their potential developmental neurotoxicity, we investigated long term...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food allergy is a common condition in children and adolescent, remitting with time. Few clinical studies have emphasized the link between food allergies and psychosocial conditions, suggesting a profound impact of atopic diseases on the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The ob...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2018_196
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tropomyosins constitute a family of highly related actin-binding proteins found in the animal kingdom from yeast to human. In vertebrates, they are encoded by a multigene family where each member can produce several isoforms through alternative splicing and for some of them with alternate promoters. Tropomyosin isofor...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85766-4_2
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane-covered polarographic sensors were designed by Leland Clark several decades ago. The membrane covering was a brilliant innovation because it provided an isolation of electrochemical elements from the external environment. These sensors have found a wide range of applications in many aspects of medicine, resea...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0205-0_25
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to serially collect blood samples and conduct ultrasound examinations in Asian and African elephants has provided unique opportunities to study the biology of these endangered species. As a result, many unique aspects of elephant reproduction have been identified. For females, there are interesting differe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_8
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to investigate the changes in tissue oxygen and the efficiency of the collateral circulation in the different regions of the spinal cord (SC) during aortic occlusion, surface PO2 (sPO2) was measured on the exposed SC in the pig in the lumbar (L3-5) as well as in the thoracic (Th6-8) parts before, during and a...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3291-6_17
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia alters basic brain processes of perception, emotion, and judgment to cause hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and cognitive deficits. Unlike neurodegeneration diseases that have irreversible neuronal degeneration and death, schizophrenia lacks agreeable pathological hallmarks, which makes it on...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_22
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial progressive degenerative disease of the retinal photoreceptors, pigmented epithelium and Bruch's membrane/choroid in central retina, causes visual impairment in millions of elderly people worldwide. The only available therapy for this disease is the over-the...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_15
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00