Abstract:
:The PI3K signalling pathway is crucial to normal B cell development and response to antigen. The p1108 catalytic subunit plays an important and non-redundant role within this pathway although other catalytic isoforms may also contribute. Although CD40, TLR and cytokines all activate PI3K the BCR seems especially dependent upon PI3K signalling. The downstream effects of PI3K may be mediated to a large extent by activation of PKB. In B cell development PI3K promotes development of MZ and Bl cells. In the response to antigen PI3K is crucial to BCR-mediated proliferation. PI3K activity has been shown to be inhibitory to CSR. The effects on immunoglobulin production and ASC differentiation are harder to disentangle from the developmental effects on cell populations and at present remain uncertain.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Hodson DJ,Turner Mdoi
10.1007/978-0-387-79311-5_5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
43-53eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
633pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors are cytosoluble proteins detectable in a variety of tissues responsive to 1,25(OH)2D3. They are DNA binding-proteins analogous to other steroid receptors and it is this functional property which is likely involved in the activation of hormone-sensitive genes. Utilizing 1,25(OH)2D3 an...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5101-6_25
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_42
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gestational diabetes mellitus is a hyperglycaemic state first recognised in pregnancy. GDM affects both mother and child. Women with GDM and their new-borns are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM are inconsistent and thus novel biomarkers of GDM are requi...
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_65
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gyrate atrophy is an autosomal recessive dystrophy in which night blindness starts early in the first decade of life. In the early stages, large areas of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris (CC) atrophy in the far periphery (lobular shape, Fig. 37.1). (In choroideremia, atrophy appears in the mid per...
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abstract::Scleroderma profunda represents an unusual clinical entity. There are no unified criteria for its diagnosis. Seven patients with scleroderma profunda were studied. The clinical features can be summarised in three groups: 1. hyperpigmented plaques with subcutaneous induration; 2. erythematous plaques with induration of...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
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doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
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abstract::Ultraviolet blood irradiation (UBI) was extensively used in the 1940s and 1950s to treat many diseases including septicemia, pneumonia, tuberculosis, arthritis, asthma and even poliomyelitis. The early studies were carried out by several physicians in USA and published in the American Journal of Surgery. However with ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Pretreatment of rats with large doses of vitamin A (retinol) dramatically increased the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism of this potentiation. Hypervitaminosis A was produced by oral administration of retinol, 250,000 IU/kg for seven days. CCl4 was th...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Coronary blood flow depends upon the vascular resistance distributed non-uniformly within the coronary microcirculation. Coronary microvascular resistance is governed by metabolic, myogenic, endothelial and neurohumoral influences. A number of these control mechanisms interact locally within a microvascular segment. I...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
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更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this brief review, I focused on the abdominal expiratory motor pattern in the rat. In the vagotomized adult rat, hypercapnic acidosis evoked two patterns of the abdominal expiratory activity; one with low amplitude expiratory discharge (E-all activity) that persisted throughout the expiratory phase, and another wit...
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更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recruitment of monocytes from the peripheral vasculature to an area of chronic inflammation is a complex phenomenon. This complicated process is likely mediated to a large extent by chemotactic cytokines that are expressed via a cytokine cascade. A number of chronic diseases that are difficult to manage are charac...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6009-4_8
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abstract::The clinical challenge on surface engineering of medical devices to prevent microorganisms adhesion and biofilm formation, has become an essential aspect for medical implants. Antibacterial properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) have been demonstrated across a broad spectrum of bacteria, and the different mechanisms of act...
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更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Euglena gracilis is a major component of the aquatic ecosystem and together with closely related species, is ubiquitous worldwide. Euglenoids are an important group of protists, possessing a secondarily acquired plastid and are relatives to the Kinetoplastidae, which themselves have global impact as disease agents. To...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8616-2_14
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antigen 43 (Ag43) is a prominent hetero-oligomeric protein complex in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. It is composed of two subunits. alpha 43 (M(r) 60, 000) and beta 43 (M(r) 53, 000) in 1:1 stoichiometry. alpha 43 is surface expressed, extends beyond the O-side chains of smooth lipopolysaccharide and is boun...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00