Abstract：
:The synergistic percutaneous enhancement between insect repellent DEET and sunscreen oxybenzone has been proven in our laboratory using a series of in vitro diffusion studies. In this study, we carried out an in vivo study to characterize skin permeation profiles from topical skin application of three commercially available repellent and sunscreen preparations. The correlation between skin disposition and drug metabolism was attempted by using data collected. Both DEET and oxybenzone permeated across the skin after the application and achieved substantial systemic absorption. Combined use of DEET and oxybenzone significantly enhanced the percutaneous penetration percentages (ranging 36-108%) due to mutual enhancement effects. Skin disposition indicated that DEET produced a faster transdermal permeation rate and higher systemic absorption extent, but oxybenzone formed a concentrated depot within the skin and delivered the content slowly over the time. In vivo AUCP/MRT of DEET and oxybenzone was increased by 37%/17% and 63%/10% when the two compounds were used together. No DEET was detected from the urine samples 48 h after the application. Tape stripping seemed to be a satisfactory approach for quantitative assessment of DEET and oxybenzone penetration into the stratum corneum. It was also concluded that pharmacological and toxicological perspectives from concurrent application of insect repellent and sunscreen products require further evaluation to ensure use efficacy and safety of these common consumer healthcare products.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Kasichayanula S,House JD,Wang T,Gu Xdoi
10.1016/j.taap.2007.05.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-09-01 00:00:00pages
187-94issue
2eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(07)00246-3journal_volume
223pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Acetaminophen (N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol or APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States and Western Europe. Previous studies have shown that TGFβ1 is elevated during APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and promotes liver injury by reducing liver regeneration while inducing he...
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.009
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2006.11.007
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(84)90287-4
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abstract：:Rats were exposed to saline or cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 25, 100, or 400 micrograms/kg body weight by intratracheal instillation. At 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure five animals/treatment were euthanized, the lungs were lavaged, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(92)90141-e
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(88)90177-9
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1999.8854
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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abstract：:Catechol estrogens have been postulated to mediate estradiol-induced kidney tumorigenesis in Syrian hamsters. As part of an examination of this postulate, we studied the influence of quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, on the incidence and severity of estrogen-induced kidney tumors, on the metabolic activation of est...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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abstract：:The carcinogenicity prediction and battery selection method was used to predict the probability of carcinogenicity of methyl isocyanate (MIC) based upon the results of short-term tests. The analysis predicts that MIC has a significant potential for inducing cancer in rodents. However, the pattern of response suggests ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:Speciation of arsenicals in biological samples is an essential tool to gain insight into its distribution in tissues and its species-specific toxicity to target organs. Biological samples (urine, hair, fingernail) examined in the present study were collected from 41 people of West Bengal, India, who were drinking arse...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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abstract：:Marijuana or synthetic cannabinoids and alcohol are often used together, with these combinations causing motor impairments that can subsequently lead to motor vehicle accidents. This study investigated the combined use of both synthetic cannabinoids and ethanol and their effect on motor coordination in mice in additio...
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abstract：:Earlier, we reported that chronic cadmium (Cd)-exposure to prostate epithelial (RWPE-1) cells causes defective autophagy, which leads to the transformation of a malignant phenotype in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, the upstream events responsible for defective autophagy are yet to be delineated. The presen...
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abstract：:Liver fibrosis results from chronic tissue damage and excessive regeneration with accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins; it is a precursor of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis treatments are primarily directed at inflammation, with few options to combat fibrogenesis. Pirfenidone is a...
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