Abstract:
:In the present study the promoting activity of various PCB and PBB isomers and congeners in rat liver has been studied and compared with a variety of primary xenobiotic-mediated enzymatic changes in this target organ. Female Wistar rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 10 mg/kg body wt for 10 days) and were subsequently treated once weekly with polychlorinated biphenyls (150 or 15 mumol/kg body wt) for a total of 8 weeks. Additional groups of rats were administered 3,3',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl or 3-methylcholanthrene (8 weekly injections of 15 or 150 mumol/kg body wt, respectively) or were given phenobarbital (0.05% in the diet) until the end of the experiment. Reference groups were treated with the various test compounds without prior initiation. One week and 9 weeks after cessation of promoter treatment rats were killed and the volumetric fraction of enzyme-altered foci characterized by changes in adenosine triphosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was determined as a means to quantitatively assess the extent of preneoplastic response in this organ. Out of the series of polyhalogenated biphenyls tested, promoting effects were seen with the following compounds: 2,2',4,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,3,4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, and 3,3',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl, whereas no significant effects were obtained with 4-monochlorobiphenyl. In rats not treated with DEN, the two strongly promoting agents 2,3,4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl also significantly increased the volume fraction of enzyme-altered foci over the respective controls when analyzed at the second time point of investigation. In parallel experiments, induction of liver growth and of microsomal cytochrome P450 content in liver was found to correlate well with the promoting activity of the various xenobiotics, suggesting that these parameters may be used to predict the promoting activity of polyhalogenated biphenyls in a short term assay.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Buchmann A,Ziegler S,Wolf A,Robertson LW,Durham SK,Schwarz Mdoi
10.1016/0041-008x(91)90250-isubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-12-01 00:00:00pages
454-68issue
3eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent and widely distributed environmental pollutants that have various deleterious effects, e.g., neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption and reproductive abnormalities. In order to verify the hypothesis that the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways play important roles in hepat...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.03.027
更新日期:2014-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Nonylphenol (NP), a by-product of alkylphenol ethoxylates, is a pervasive surfactant that activates the xenosensing nuclear receptor, the pregnane X-receptor (PXR) in transactivation assays in vitro. We are interested in determining if NP activates PXR in vivo, determining if hPXR and mPXR act similarly, and investiga...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.017
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An animal model was designed to study the chronopharmacokinetics of intravenous drugs and applied to anticancer agents vinorelbine (VNB) and methotrexate (MTX). Each experiment was performed on four pigs housed in a standardized light-dark cycle (12:12). Four pigs received a 0.16-mg bolus of VNB, followed by a 60-h co...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2002.9467
更新日期:2002-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking, arsenic and occupational exposures are well-known risk factors for the development of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the effect of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, arsenic and occupational exposures on risk of UC could be modified by gene...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.08.008
更新日期:2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Benzene exposure can result in bone marrow myelotoxicity. We examined the effects of benzene metabolites on bone marrow stromal cells of the hemopoietic microenvironment. Male B6C3F1 mouse bone marrow adherent stromal cells were plated at 4 X 10(6) cells per 2 ml of DMEM medium in 35-mm tissue culture dishes. The grow...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90027-9
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purified fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase (FBS AChE) and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were successfully used as single pretreatment drugs for the prevention of pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) toxicity in nonhuman primates. Eight rhesus monkeys, trained to perform Primate Equilibrium Plat...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90236-l
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Partition coefficients (PCs) are chemical-specific parameters used in physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to describe chemical solubility in tissues. Tissue:air PCs for volatile chemicals can be estimated using vial equilibration techniques in which the chemical concentration in the vial headspace is measured...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1184
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations have characterized addictive drug-induced developmental cardiovascular malformation in human, non-human primate and rodent. However, the underlying mechanism of malformation caused by drugs during pregnancy is still largely unknown, and preventive and therapeutic measures have been lacking. Using 1H NMR...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.003
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which belongs to coronaviridae family. Despite the global prevalence, there are currently no vaccines or drugs. Dietary plant derived exosome-like vesicles are known as edible nanoparticles (ENPs). ENPs are filled with microRNAs (miRNAs), in bioavailable ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2021.115425
更新日期:2021-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound isolated from cottonseeds, has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities, but whether it can influence inflammasome activation remains unclear. In this study, we found that in mouse macrophages, gossypol induced cell death characterized by rapid membrane rupture and rob...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.027
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were exposed to 400 ppm perchloroethylene (PER) by inhalation, 6 hr/day for 14, 21, or 28 days or to 200 ppm for 28 days. Increased numbers of peroxisomes were seen under the electron microscope and increased peroxisomal cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation was mea...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(88)90232-3
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arsenate (AsV) is a structural analogue of phosphate (P(i)), yet its toxic effect is likely due to its reduction to the more toxic arsenite (AsIII), the mechanism of which is still unclear. Since mitochondria take up AsV as they do P(i), they may reduce AsV to AsIII. To test this hypothesis isolated rat liver mitochon...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2002.9443
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) acts as a 'gate-keeper' to prevent DNA damage during estrogen metabolism. Both experimental and epidemiological studies suggest the role of COMT in pathogenesis of human breast cancer (BCa). It was previously reported that inhibition of COMT enzyme activity in estradiol-treated huma...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.016
更新日期:2019-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The development of tumors in relationship to 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) dose and time on study has been evaluated in an experiment conducted by the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) using more than 24,000 female BALB/c mice. By using a biologically based model of two-event carcinogenesis accounting ex...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90284-2
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Engineered nanomaterials are being developed for a variety of technological applications. However, the increasing use of nanomaterials in society has led to concerns about their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. During the first decade of nanotoxicological research, the realization has eme...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.014
更新日期:2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies report that cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induces oxidative stress is associated with male reproductive damage in the testes. CdCl2 also induces mitochondrial fission by increasing dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression as well as the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway by extracellular signal-regula...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.114797
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are easily and inexpensively produced and are a significant threat to military forces and the public. Most well-known CWAs are organophosphorus compounds, a number or which are used as pesticides, including parathion. This study determined the in vitro percutaneous absorption of parathion...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2000.9028
更新日期:2000-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The inter-relationship of "Thresholds" between chemical mixtures and their respective component single chemicals was studied using three sets of data and two types of analyses. Two in vitro data sets involve cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes from treatment of metals and a metal mixture [Bae, D.S., Gennings, C., Cart...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.11.016
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen (APAP) administration (600 mg/kg, po) results in proximal tubular necrosis in 18-hr fasted, 3-month-old male CD-1 mice. This study was undertaken to determine if deacetylation of APAP to p-aminophenol (PAP) is a prerequisite to nephrotoxicity in the mouse, as it is in the Fischer rat. Administration of e...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90325-9
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of exposure and tissue concentration of parent chemical and metabolites over prolonged exposure is a critical issue for chronic toxicities mediated by metabolite(s) rather than parent chemical alone. This is an issue for AsV because its trivalent metabolites have unique toxicities and relatively great...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.07.018
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methemoglobin formation, as well as hemoglobin or DNA adducts, are useful biomarkers of occupational exposure to certain arylamines. It has been suggested that, in liver from animals not treated with a cytochrome P450 (CYP) inducer, hepatic CYP1A2 is the major P450 involved in N-hydroxylation. This is the first step i...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2002.9398
更新日期:2002-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Speciation of arsenicals in biological samples is an essential tool to gain insight into its distribution in tissues and its species-specific toxicity to target organs. Biological samples (urine, hair, fingernail) examined in the present study were collected from 41 people of West Bengal, India, who were drinking arse...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.030
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::p-Aminophenol causes necrosis of the pars recta of the proximal tubules in rats, and its nephrotoxicity may be due to glutathione-dependent bioactivation reactions. We have investigated the hepatic metabolism of p-aminophenol in Wistar rats and the cytotoxicity of formed glutathione S-conjugates in rat renal epithelia...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90372-y
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are known to directly inhibit mitochondrial complex I activity as well as various mitochondrial kinases. Recent observations that complex I activity and superoxide production are modulated through cAMP-dependent phosphorylation suggests a mechanism through whi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.08.015
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The debate on tungsten (W) is fostered by its continuous usage in military munitions. Reports demonstrate W solubilizes in soil and can migrate into drinking water supplies and, therefore, is a potential health risk to humans. This study evaluated the reproductive, systemic and neurobehavioral effects of sodium tungst...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2010.04.021
更新日期:2011-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study is to elucidate the role of cytochrome P450 2E1 in the metabolic activation of acetaminophen (APAP) in mouse kidneys. With the kidney microsomes from C3H/HeJ mice, a significant sex-related difference was observed in the NADPH-dependent formation of a reactive APAP metabolite which was trap...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1993.1167
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate conjugate are the major circulating steroids in human plasma. Low levels of these adrenal steroids are associated with a number of human diseases including certain cancers. In animal studies, DHEA is chemopreventive toward both spontaneous and chemically induced cancers. A...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0321
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data suggest that vanadium (V5+) compounds exert protective effects against chemical-induced carcinogenesis, mainly through modifying various xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. In fact, we have shown that V5+ down-regulates the expression of Cyp1a1 at the transcriptional level through an ATP-dependent mechanism. ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.02.002
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the mechanisms of erythromycin cholestasis, the effects of erythromycin estolate (EE) on the excretory function of the isolated perfused rat liver and on liver plasma membrane (LM) preparations were studied and compared to those of erythromycin base (EB) and lauryl sulfate (LS), added alone or in combin...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(85)90074-2
更新日期:1985-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Acute oral toxicity of Cd (as cadmium chloride) was enhanced in rats fasted 24 hr, as shown by a markedly decreased LD50. To examine the relationship among Cd toxicity, hepatic glutathione (GSH), and metallothionein (MT) during fasting, rats were administered 75 mg Cd/kg orally 24 hr after fasting and euthanized after...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90259-w
更新日期:1990-03-15 00:00:00