Abstract:
:It is thought that neuronal activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represents the value of anticipated reward; however activity in many other brain areas also seems to reflect expected reward value. For example, we have shown that in monkeys performing a memory-guided saccade task for a reward of variable size, activity in numerous areas of frontal cortex is stronger when the monkey anticipates a larger reward. The activity of these neurons might be related to the value of the expected reward or to the degree of motivation induced by expectation of the reward. Anticipation of a more valued reward leads to stronger motivation, as evidenced by measures of arousal, attention, and intensity of motor output. On the assumption that motivated behavior depends on influences arising in the limbic system and acting on the motor system, we hypothesized that neuronal signals representing reward value are unique to OFC, whereas signals arising from other frontal areas, those more closely tied the motor system, reflect the degree of motivation. To test this hypothesis, we recorded from single neurons in OFC and premotor cortex while two monkeys performed a task in which we dissociated value from motivation. Neuronal activity in premotor cortex reflected the monkey's degree of motivation, presumably related to the monkey's level of motor readiness and movement preparation, whereas neuronal activity in OFC represented the value of expected reward.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Roesch MR,Olson CRdoi
10.1196/annals.1401.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-12-01 00:00:00pages
431-46eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632pii
annals.1401.004journal_volume
1121pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Hormones and neuropeptides may influence the activities of lymphoid organs and cells via endocrine and local autocrine/paracrine pathways. A paradigm of the interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune system is sophisticatedly represented in the thymus. Indeed, receptors for these molecules are heterogeneously ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::There are two types of escapes in conservative dynamical systems with two degrees of freedom: escapes to infinity and escapes to certain singular points at a finite distance. In both cases the areas on a surface of section are not preserved. We consider the basins of escape to infinity in simple Hamiltonian systems. T...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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