Abstract:
:High concentrations of membrane permeable cryoprotectants are necessary to protect human polymorphonuclear leukocytes from osmotic stress injury during freezing, but there are reports that some cryoprotectants are chemically toxic. Cells were exposed to various concentrations of glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or ethylene glycol for 5 min to 2 hr at 37, 22 or 0 degree C, adding or removing the cryoprotectant either slowly or rapidly. Assays included cell number recovery, membrane integrity, phagocytosis, microbicidal ability, and chemotaxis. We conclude that (1) 1 and 2 M concentrations generally are not toxic if they are added and removed slowly at 22 degrees C; (2) addition and removal of glycerol at 0 degree C was injurious even at 1 M; (3) slow addition and removal allowed better recovery than rapid addition or removal; (4) salt concentration in cryoprotectant solutions should be adjusted to isotonic on the basis of moles per liter of solution, rather than moles per kilogram of water; (5) the toxicity reported by other investigators can be largely explained by osmotic stress or dilution shock rather than chemical toxicity; and (6) ethylene glycol is the easiest cryoprotectant to add to and remove from these cells.
journal_name
Cryobiologyjournal_title
Cryobiologyauthors
Takahashi T,Bross JB,Shaber RE,Williams RJdoi
10.1016/0011-2240(85)90181-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-08-01 00:00:00pages
336-50issue
4eissn
0011-2240issn
1090-2392pii
0011-2240(85)90181-6journal_volume
22pub_type
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