Abstract：
RATIONALE:The development and validation of animal models of the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia have remained challenging subjects. OBJECTIVE:We review evidence from a series of experiments concerning an animal model that dissociates between the disruption of attentional capacities during acute illness periods and the cognitive load-dependent impairments that characterize periods of remission. The model focuses on the long-term attentional consequences of an escalating-dosing pretreatment regimen with amphetamine (AMPH). RESULTS:Acute illness periods are modeled by the administration of AMPH challenges. Such challenges result in extensive impairments in attentional performance and the "freezing" of performance-associated cortical acetylcholine (ACh) release at pretask levels. During periods of remission (in the absence of AMPH challenges), AMPH-pretreated animals' attentional performance is associated with abnormally high levels of performance-associated cortical ACh release, indicative of the elevated attentional effort required to maintain performance. Furthermore, and corresponding with clinical evidence, attentional performance during remission periods is exquisitely vulnerable to distractors, reflecting impaired top-down control and abnormalities in fronto-mesolimbic-basal forebrain circuitry. Finally, this animal model detects the moderately beneficial cognitive effects of low-dose treatment with haloperidol and clozapine that were observed in clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS:The usefulness and limitations of this model for research on the neuronal mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and for drug-finding efforts are discussed.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Sarter M,Martinez V,Kozak Rdoi
10.1007/s00213-008-1216-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
237-58issue
1-3eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
202pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：RATIONALE:Training in research ethics is crucial for psychiatric investigators. Addressing ethical dimensions of human subjects research requires knowledge about the rules and norms governing research; sensitivity to ethical implications of actions; and skills in ethics problem solving. Investigators in training who ar...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1500-4
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is a model of pre-attentional inhibitory function. The dopamine baseline in the nucleus accumbens plays a key role in PPI regulation as well as in the rewarding effects of cocaine. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive ability of PPI t...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-018-4959-8
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The conditioned place preference technique was used to assess the affective properties of the direct dopamine D1 agonist, SKF38393, and the direct D2 agonist, LY171555 (quinpirole). A three compartment apparatus was used: the animals' pre-experimental preference for the two choice compartments was equal and, within ea...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244216
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute tolerance, defined as a decreasing drug effect relative to drug-plasma levels (DPL) over a period of minutes to a few hours, is pronounced following single doses of diazepam or pentobarbital. Both of these lipid-soluble drugs produce an early peak behavioral impairment and subsequent rapid recovery component tha...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427800
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Neuroanatomical evidence suggests that GABAergic deficits and progressive cortical atrophy occur with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the hypothesis that neurodevelopmental deficits affect neurodegeneration occurring with schizophrenia, this study examined a novel animal model for schizophrenia-related ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2269-5
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Research on the effects of nicotine abstinence and nicotine replacement has not provided consistent information about the impact of replacement therapies on tobacco withdrawal and craving. OBJECTIVE:. This study investigated craving and withdrawal symptoms over a 72-h period of abstinence from cigarettes. M...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1176-1
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies suggest that glucose enhances memory in rodents and humans. The present experiment investigated the effects of glucose on memory performance and blood glucose changes in young adults (19-25 years). Subjects ingested (300 ml beverage) three doses of glucose (0, 30, 100 g) in a random, double-blind, tripl...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02244373
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Intermittent footshock stress effectively reinstates extinguished heroin-, cocaine- and alcohol-taking behaviors, but not behaviors previously maintained by food reinforcers. Here we tested further the generality of the phenomenon of stress-induced reinstatement by determining the effect of footshock on reins...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050992
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Salvinorin A is the active component of the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum. The potential mode of action of this hallucinogen was unknown until recently. A recent in vitro study detected high affinity and efficacy of salvinorin A at kappa-opioid receptors. It was postulated that salvinorin A would prod...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1638-0
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study assessed the discriminative stimulus effects of the delta-opioid agonist [D-Pen2-D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) in pigeons. Food-restricted pigeons were trained to discriminate between i.c.v injections of 100 micrograms [D-Pen2-D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) and saline in a two-key operant procedure; acquisiti...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This experiment examined the effect of destruction of the ascending 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5HTergic) pathways on performance in a free-operant timing schedule. Rats received either injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal and median raphe nuclei or sham lesions. They were trained to press levers for a s...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050096
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) transiently lowers central serotonin levels and can induce depressive mood states and cognitive defects. Previous studies have shown that ATD impairs object recognition in rats. OBJECTIVES:As individual differences exist in central serotonin neurotransmission, the impact of A...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1201-0
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A two flavour, unbiased, taste preference conditioning procedure was used to test for possible motivating effects of gamma 2-MSH. Three training trials failed to produce any significant effect with doses ranging from 2.4 to 40 micrograms/ICV infusion in drug-naive, non-operated or placebo-implanted rats. However, in r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00634469
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Cognitive processes underlying drug use have typically been assessed in laboratory settings. More detailed and ecologically valid data may be possible if assessments were conducted in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) setting. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the feasibility and utility of administering a reac...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-1006-6
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Pindolol has been reported to shorten the onset of antidepressant action of selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as well as to increase their efficacy. It has been postulated that pindolol enhances the antidepressant effect of SSRIs by blocking somatodendritic 5-HT1A aut...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000470
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Prepulse inhibition (PPI) represents a normal sensorimotor gating response that is typically impaired in schizophrenic patients. It is known that cannabinoid CB1 agonists reduce sensorimotor gating in rats, suggesting that the CB1 receptor and the cannabinoid system are involved in sensorimotor gating. OBJEC...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-004-1851-5
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a potential mediator of psychiatric diseases. Depressed patients have been shown to have a different microbiota composition compared with healthy controls, and several lines of research now aim to restore this dysbiosis. To develop novel treatments, preclinical...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-018-5094-2
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Functional (pharmacodynamic) ethanol tolerance can be evidenced within a single session of exposure to ethanol (acute or within-session tolerance), or after repeated ethanol exposures (chronic or between-session tolerance). To investigate whether acute and chronic tolerance to ethanol are inter...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130100722
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:We previously found that systemic injections of the 5-HT uptake blocker fluoxetine attenuate intermittent footshock stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats, while inhibition of 5-HT neurons in the median raphe induces reinstatement of alcohol seeking. In this study, we further e...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0346-y
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Inhibition of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors following the administration of NMDA receptor antagonists results in psychotic-like behaviour. Whereas it is known that pharmacological manipulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways affect this drug-induced psychosis, a role for noradr...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000630
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The i.v. pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold was increased by 2.5 mg/kg and decreased by 15 mg/kg of a single (+)-amphetamine dose. After 7 consecutive days of amphetamine administration, tolerance developed to the decrease but not to the increase in seizure threshold. At 12--48 h after the last dose of 2.5 mg/kg seiz...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00431736
更新日期：1977-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Nicotine has been reported to increase or decrease measures of activity in rats, including locomotor activity and rearing. Nicotine dose and repeated exposure to nicotine are known to be important factors in determining the effects on locomotor behavior. Less information has been gathered on rearing and other measures...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244758
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serotonergic agent meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) increases temperature and plasma ACTH and other hormones and decreases social interaction, locomotor activity and food intake in rats, most likely via stimulation of 5-HT2C receptors. Repeated daily administration of m-CPP to rats induces rapid tolerance to th...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02805987
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two methods were used to assess nicotine-induced antinociception: tail withdrawal from a hot water bath and hind paw withdrawal from a hotplate. Nicotine doses which produced 75-80% maximum response were 0.75 mg/kg (free base) for tail withdrawal and 0.35 mg/kg for paw withdrawal. The peripheral blocker chlorisondamin...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246552
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients received caerulein, a potent analogue of cholecystokinin octapeptide, in a fixed- and rising-dose schedule. In addition, neuroleptic-treated patients received a single dose of the peptide with a 4-week follow-up. No significant change in mental status was observed after any of t...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00180843
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The Scheduled High Alcohol Consumption (SHAC) binge drinking model is a simple, partial murine model with which to investigate some of the neurobiological underpinnings of alcoholism. OBJECTIVES:The SHAC model was used to characterize monoamine and amino acid adaptations produced in the nucleus accumbens (NA...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0641-7
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats may produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in threatening situations. USV of adult male rats in association with aversive stimulation was evaluated as a screening method for anxiolytic drugs. The triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam, the 5-HT uptake inhibitors fluvoxamine and clomipramine, the mixed 5-HT/NA uptake i...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245095
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Little is known about patterns of opiate use by heroin addicts. OBJECTIVES:To describe opiate use over time among heroin addicts who had access to legally prescribed intravenous heroin and oral opiates. METHODS:Analysis of daily drug administration records of 37 patients enrolled in the Geneva heroin mainte...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000492
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:We test methods to advance (shift earlier) circadian rhythms without producing misalignment between rhythms and sleep. We previously tested (1) a gradually advancing sleep/dark schedule plus morning bright light and afternoon/evening melatonin and (2) the same sleep schedule with only morning bright light. No...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-012-2869-8
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Control of reward-seeking behavior under conditions of punishment is an important function for survival. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS:We designed a task in which rats could choose to either press a lever and obtain a food pellet accompanied by a footshock or refrain from pressing the lever to avoid footshock, in r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05398-7
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
