Abstract：
:The specter of catastrophic cervical neurotrauma resulting from athletic participation, although infrequent, has been consistently associated with football, water sports, gymnastics, rugby, and ice hockey. Injury involving intracranial hemorrhage can result in death or permanent neurologic impairment, whereas certain fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine are associated with quadriplegia. Athletic injuries to both the central nervous system and spinal cord demand our attention as an active area of clinical and basic injury. A review of the available literature reveals changing injury patterns as well as current concepts regarding the mechanism responsible for most athletic injuries to these structures. Accurate descriptions of the mechanism(s) responsible for a particular injury transcend simple academic interest. In order that preventive measures be implemented, the manner in which injury occurs must be accurately defined. The purpose of this article is to describe how the application of this principle resulted in the significant reduction of cervical spine injuries associated with quadriplegia that have occurred in tackle football since 1976.
journal_name
Clin Sports Medjournal_title
Clinics in sports medicineauthors
Torg JS,Vegso JJ,Sennett Bsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-01-01 00:00:00pages
61-72issue
1eissn
0278-5919issn
1556-228Xjournal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Many types of spinal abnormalities can have an impact on an athlete’s ability to participate in sports. One of the challenges in the current era is distinguishing the clinically relevant lesions from the incidental. Almost without exception, a Chiarimal formation, significant syringomyelia or other cyst compressing th...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2012.03.008
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The article reviews the clinical features of the acutely torn anterior cruciate ligament. The alternatives and techniques of repair are discussed. Results of primary repair are presented. A rationale for therapeutic options is presented. ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To minimize the risk of subscapularis failure after shoulder replacement, a method of preserving the subscapularis while allowing access to the glenohumeral joint was developed. Only the inferior 30% to 50% of the subscapularis tendon is detached from the humerus, leaving the superior aspect attached to the lesser tub...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2018.05.006
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lumbar spine is resistant to serious injury in normal athletic activity, but it can often be symptomatic. Although the symptoms are frequently musculotendinous in origin, it is important that structural causes be recognized early, particularly in the skeletally immature athlete. In the mature athlete, it is import...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention to detail and anatomic precision is essential to accurate diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis is the keystone of care for the acute or chronic knee problem. The arthroscope is an essential diagnostic tool. Uniplanar instability can usually be treated nonoperatively with good results providing that secondary suppor...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multidirectional instability of the shoulder is a condition defined by symptoms of shoulder instability in more than one direction. Patients typically have generalized ligamentous laxity and may be involved in repetitive overhead activities. Initial treatment is with a physical therapy program. Patients who fail non-o...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2008.07.002
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The shoulder is the joint most subjected to repetitive microtrauma in swimming. This results in clinical manifestations of subacromial encroachment. The anatomy, radiographic changes, clinical findings, and histopathology of this disease process are discussed. The role of conservative exercises used in prevention as w...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most studies have found lower bone mass among women with exercise-induced oligomenorrhea compared with eumenorrheic control women and athletes. These findings have important implications regarding increased risk of both stress fractures and premature osteoporosis. Active and athletic women should be encouraged to keep...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patella instability can cause significant pain and functional limitations. Several factors can predispose to patella instability, such as ligamentous laxity, increased anterior TT-TG distance, patella alta, and trochlear dysplasia. Acquired factors include MPFL injury or abnormal quadriceps function. In many cases, fi...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2014.03.011
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although conventional radiographs continue to be used as a primary method for the diagnosis of stress fractures, the limitations of radiography in early detection have been increasingly recognized. Advanced imaging techniques, including radionuclide methods, and more recently, MR imaging, have increasingly been employ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70022-3
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medial epicondylitis and ulnar nerve problems are common in the throwing athlete, resulting from the tremendous valgus stress that occurs during the acceleration phase of pitching. They are too often ignored as a cause of medial pain in the throwing athlete in favor of the diagnosis of ulnar collateral ligament injury...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70268-4
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rehabilitation of the dysfunction that is associated with rotator cuff tendinopathy should be based on the evidence known about the pathoetiology of the tendinopathy, what is known about the extent of the local anatomic injury, the local and distant physiological and biomechanical alterations, and on the knowledge dev...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(03)00048-6
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors' preferred treatment algorithm for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is based on skeletal maturity, OCD lesion stability, and OCD lesion salvageability. For unstable yet salvageable OCD lesions, the senior author's preferred treatment is fixation with bone grafting. For unstable and unsalvageable...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2014.01.002
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research during the past decade has elucidated the structure and function of the knee joint meniscus, and both clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the importance of this structure. Recent advances, such as the use of an exogenous fibrin clot, have allowed preservation of an increasingly greater proport...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) can affect both adults and children, however the imaging characteristics and significance of imaging findings can differ in the juvenile subset with open physes. Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the primary modalities used to aid in diagnosis, to define a treatment p...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2013.12.002
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have provided an overview of the athlete's heart, focusing on the young athlete. Primary caretakers of athletes should know the major causes of exercise-related cardiac complications and sudden cardiac death and look for these conditions during preparticipation evaluations. We strongly suggest that coaches and othe...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70050-8
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow may be a cause of significant impairment of daily activities. The diagnosis is a clinical one, based on the history and physical examination. Imaging studies are often inconclusive because of the variable anatomy of the radio-ulnohumeral ligamentous complex. Surgical re...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2010.06.008
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, arthroscopic evaluation of the athlete's knee joint provides a highly accurate means of diagnosing intra-articular lesions. It provides valuable information regarding treatment and prognosis. In addition, if arthroscopic surgical treatment is possible, even greater benefits in regard to more rapid return t...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The unique role of the chief ethics officer in a sports medicine office is described and guided by the four principles of ethics, as well as the principles and codes of ethics of the American Medical Association, the International Sports Medicine Federation, and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. The chief ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2004.01.006
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is important to include psychological and physiologic rehabilitation in addition to rehabilitation of the injured area. Motion that does not stress repairs of either ligament or bone is not contraindicated. Exercises that aggravate patellofemoral problems should be modified to avoid areas in the range of motion tha...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An increasing number of revision ACL reconstructions are being performed each year. Revision ACL surgery is challenging and cannot be approached in the same manner as primary ACL surgery. Successful revision ACL surgery requires a detailed history, a comprehensive physical examination, appropriate radiologic studies, ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70133-2
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The early studies on IDET are very promising. IDET offers patients with chronic discogenic low back pain an option other than chronic pain [figure: see text] management or spinal fusion. Studies currently under way will help answer questions relative to mechanism of action, placebo effect, and biomechanical changes af...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(03)00064-4
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Handlebar problems are common among serious bicyclists. Compression neuropathy, more commonly ulnar than median, is frequent but seldom produces permanent injury or deficit if promptly recognized and managed by attending to bicycle fit, energy-absorbing gloves and handlebar treatments, and cycling technique. Overuse s...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are an uncommon but significant instability pattern that eventually deteriorates the articular surface of the PLC-deficient knee. Although controversy persists regarding the appropriate treatment for the isolated PCL tear, patients with combined ligament injuries are b...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The skin diseases observed in athletes are common dermatologic problems that are related specifically to the individual skin type, hereditary factors, age, sex, environment, and sporting activity. Early recognition and treatment of these skin diseases permit the athlete to continue participation without disability or ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In sports medicine, the practice of ethics presents many unique challenges because of the unusual clinical environment of caring for players within the context of a team whose primary goal is to win. Ethical issues frequently arise because a doctor-patient-team triad often replaces the traditional doctor-patient relat...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2015.10.004
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chest pain in the athlete may arise from any one of a number of diverse etiologies. Many of these entities are discussed using an organ system approach. The pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of these processes are described and imaging studies that may aid in establishing their diagnosis are discussed. ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Careful patient selection, accurate surgical technique, and careful postoperative rehabilitation are all equally important to success in lateral release surgery. Whether the surgery is performed by open or arthroscopic technique, one must release all layers of the retinaculum, spare the vastus lateralis, extend the re...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70006-5
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spine plays an essential role in the contribution toward athletic performance. As the central pillar of the body, the structures of the spine are susceptible to injury related with sports participation. This article identifies many of the most commonly seen sports-related injuries to the spine, and discusses pract...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2009.09.011
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The classification system devised by Allman and Tossy, and revised by Rockwood, defines the extent of injury to the AC joint and helps to guide management of AC joint injuries [1,4,6]. In general, type I and II injuries may be treated nonoperatively with a sling, mainly for comfort, for a short period of time. Once th...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(02)00098-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
