Abstract：
:Most studies have found lower bone mass among women with exercise-induced oligomenorrhea compared with eumenorrheic control women and athletes. These findings have important implications regarding increased risk of both stress fractures and premature osteoporosis. Active and athletic women should be encouraged to keep accurate records of their menstrual cycles. Any divergence from normal should be noted and carefully followed. Bone mass evaluation by bone densitometry for women with continued irregularities will allow assessment of skeletal status. Recommendations for treatment can be based, in part, upon these results, and follow-up scans will offer information on treatment efficacy. For athletes experiencing loss of periods accompanied by low bone mass, a decrease in training intensity and volume and an increase in total calories and calcium intake (1200 to 1500 mg/day) may be indicated. The dietary alterations could be accomplished by adding three glasses of skim milk per day to the diet. A program of resistance training designed to increase both muscle strength and mass may improve the skeletal profile of these athletes as well as protect against soft tissue injuries. Finally, estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) may be indicated for those women who are not willing to make changes in their exercise or dietary patterns. Although there are currently no controlled trials that examine the efficacy of ERT for treating these athletes, it is generally accepted that the doses prescribed to postmenopausal women are adequate for reducing bone loss among amenorrheic athletes. It is important that these women be followed with bone mass and serum measurements in order to evaluate the efficacy of the replacement therapy.
journal_name
Clin Sports Medjournal_title
Clinics in sports medicineauthors
Snow-Harter CMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-04-01 00:00:00pages
389-404issue
2eissn
0278-5919issn
1556-228Xjournal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Osteochondral defects, impingement, and instability of the ankle are common injuries in athletes. In this article, we review these diagnoses and their treatment options, with a focus on arthroscopic approaches. The treatment options continue to evolve, supported by innovation and outcome studies. In this article, we d...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.007
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Handlebar problems are common among serious bicyclists. Compression neuropathy, more commonly ulnar than median, is frequent but seldom produces permanent injury or deficit if promptly recognized and managed by attending to bicycle fit, energy-absorbing gloves and handlebar treatments, and cycling technique. Overuse s...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The classification system devised by Allman and Tossy, and revised by Rockwood, defines the extent of injury to the AC joint and helps to guide management of AC joint injuries [1,4,6]. In general, type I and II injuries may be treated nonoperatively with a sling, mainly for comfort, for a short period of time. Once th...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(02)00098-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many components of the immune system exhibit adverse change after prolonged, intense exertion. During this "open window" of impaired immunity (which may last 3-72 h, depending on the immune measure), viruses and bacteria may gain a foothold, increasing the risk for subclinical and clinical infection. The influence of ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70167-8
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lumbar spine is resistant to serious injury in normal athletic activity, but it can often be symptomatic. Although the symptoms are frequently musculotendinous in origin, it is important that structural causes be recognized early, particularly in the skeletally immature athlete. In the mature athlete, it is import...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The problem of the injured knee has attracted thoughtful discussion over the years. A current review of changes in thinking and treatment relative to the meniscus, ligament injuries, the extensor mechanism, prosthetic ligaments, and rehabilitation is presented. ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The various causes of posterior and inferior heel pain in the athlete have been presented. Various examples of athletes who have had the various problems and discussed their outcome have been discussed. This article primarily has tried to educate the reader as to the different types of heel pain and has stressed the n...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electromagnetic interventions in general and those considering the musculoskeletal system in particular hold many obscurities. Several studies revealing positive effects of electromagnetic fields oppose those showing no beneficial effects. After a historical review and a discussion of basic details on electromagnetic ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2007.10.006
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advances in the field of arthroscopy have been keyed to the development of instrumentation. The most significant innovation has occurred in conjunction with the visualization system itself--cutting instrumentation for resection of soft tissues in bone and, more recently, in joints other than the knee. A brief hist...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of injured-knee laxity is essential for treatment selection, clinical follow-up, and research. Interest in rotatory knee laxity increased with implementation of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The pivot shift test represents a link between static testing with 1° of freedom and dynamic te...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2012.08.005
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Certain topics and controversies involving young athletes are addressed, including unclear criteria for volume and intensity of training and acute and overuse injuries of the knee. Osteochondritis dissecans, tibial spine avulsions, peri-pelvic apophyseal avulsions, and back injuries are discussed. ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The management of several types of shoulder fractures is presented. These infrequently occurring fractures are seen in a sports medicine practice. Basic principles of fracture care apply and are used in their treatment. Other fractures not discussed would be treated similarly. ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic knee bracing and to determine the influence of brace design and material characteristics on the protection of knee ligaments, a series of biomechanical studies were completed. The first series of tests were preliminary parametric tests of brace function utili...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spine plays an essential role in the contribution toward athletic performance. As the central pillar of the body, the structures of the spine are susceptible to injury related with sports participation. This article identifies many of the most commonly seen sports-related injuries to the spine, and discusses pract...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2009.09.011
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Golf interest is on the increase, resulting in a corresponding increase in golf-related tendon injuries. Injuries are best avoided by a good strength and flexibility program, proper warm-up exercises, and good stroke mechanics. Treatment is directed toward restoring the integrity of the muscle/tendon unit at the elbow...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rehabilitation of the lower extremities has fallen into two basic categories known as open and closed kinetic chain activities. Closed kinetic chain exercises are functional exercises specific to sport movement patterns. Exercises performed with a variety of equipment may be classified as closed kinetic chain. Program...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The specter of catastrophic cervical neurotrauma resulting from athletic participation, although infrequent, has been consistently associated with football, water sports, gymnastics, rugby, and ice hockey. Injury involving intracranial hemorrhage can result in death or permanent neurologic impairment, whereas certain ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is no doubt that the understanding of shoulder mechanics and pathology will continue to evolve. It is not appropriate to consider that all patients, especially young athletes, who have shoulder pain have "impingement." Rather, a careful evaluation will result in the correct diagnosis and the institution of the a...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The early studies on IDET are very promising. IDET offers patients with chronic discogenic low back pain an option other than chronic pain [figure: see text] management or spinal fusion. Studies currently under way will help answer questions relative to mechanism of action, placebo effect, and biomechanical changes af...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(03)00064-4
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several reconstructive techniques exist to treat posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency. The purpose of this study is to report knee function and clinical stability after PCL reconstruction (PCLR) using an all-inside technique. Thirty-two patients with isolated or combined PCL injuries treated with all-inside PC...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2018.11.005
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Overuse injuries in the young athlete now are seen more frequently. Using an adult model of these injuries with respect to diagnosis and treatment and applying it to the young athlete does not address many of the unique characteristics that contribute to these injuries. An overview of causative factors that contribute...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The long head of the biceps has garnered increased attention and interest due to the high prevalence of pain that can be a primary condition or occur secondary to shoulder dysfunction. The successful treatment of biceps tendinopathy is dependent on an accurate diagnosis and recognizing all causative factors. The treat...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2015.08.012
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The principles of rehabilitation after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction are similar to those guiding rehabilitation after other ligamentous reconstructions of the knee, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The key features are to address pain control, range of motion (ROM), quadriceps strengthening, ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2009.12.008
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Not only are athletes at risk for psychiatric illness, but they are at risk of suicide. In an effort to learn more about suicide in athletes and those connected to the sports arena, a review of the medical literature from 1960 to 2000 was conducted through Medline, and a review of the periodical literature from 1980 t...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.csm.2005.06.006
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epicondylitis plagues a significant proportion of athletes and can result in prolonged symptoms and suboptimal athletic performance. The diagnosis can be confused with many other pathologic entities affecting the elbow, some of which can occur concurrently. Most patients will respond favorably to a well-guided nonsurg...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70248-9
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The profiling characteristics reported on include anthropometric data, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, nutrition, and strength. This information can be useful to the coach and athlete in enhancing performance. Also discussed are the basic rules of wrestling. ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic CNS injury is one of the most important health issues in our society and is a risk to all athletes, both in competitive and recreational sports. Our understanding of the pathophysiology has improved tremendously in the last 20 years. This progress has led to the identification of several possible treatments ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(02)00107-2
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although conventional radiographs continue to be used as a primary method for the diagnosis of stress fractures, the limitations of radiography in early detection have been increasingly recognized. Advanced imaging techniques, including radionuclide methods, and more recently, MR imaging, have increasingly been employ...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70022-3
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previously unpublished report of seven professional athletes who were treated for ulnar-sided wrist pain is presented in this article. This report is followed by an introduction to the anatomy, examination, and imaging of the ulnar side of the wrist. Specific sources of ulnar-sided wrist pain, including triangulofib...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70102-2
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research during the past decade has elucidated the structure and function of the knee joint meniscus, and both clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the importance of this structure. Recent advances, such as the use of an exogenous fibrin clot, have allowed preservation of an increasingly greater proport...
journal_title：Clinics in sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
