Heart rate adjustment of the time-voltage ST segment integral: identification of coronary disease and relation to standard and heart rate-adjusted ST segment depression criteria.

Abstract:

:To assess the effect of heart rate adjustment of the magnitude of the ST integral (ST-HR integral) on exercise test performance, the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) of 50 clinically normal subjects and 100 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease was analyzed. At matched specificity of 96% with standard ECG criteria (greater than or equal to 0.1 mV of additional horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression), an unadjusted ST integral partition of 16 microV-s identified coronary disease in the 100 patients with known or suspected disease with a sensitivity of only 41%, a value significantly lower than the 59% sensitivity of standard ECG criteria (p less than 0.01) and the 65% sensitivity of an ST depression partition of 130 microV (p less than 0.001). However, test performance of the ST integral was greatly improved by simple heart rate adjustment: at a matched specificity of 96%, an ST-HR integral partition of 0.154 microV-s/beat per min identified coronary disease in the 100 patients with a sensitivity of 90%, a value significantly greater than the 59% sensitivity of standard criteria and 65% sensitivity of ST depression criteria (each p less than 0.001) and similar to the 91% sensitivity of the ST-HR index and 93% sensitivity of the ST-HR slope (each p = NS). Comparison of receiver-operating characteristic curves confirmed the superior overall test performance of the ST-HR integral relative to the ST integral and ST segment depression, and demonstrated improved performance that was comparable with that of the ST-HR index and the ST-HR slope.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

journal_name

J Am Coll Cardiol

authors

Okin PM,Bergman G,Kligfield P

doi

10.1016/0735-1097(91)90679-4

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1991-11-15 00:00:00

pages

1487-92

issue

6

eissn

0735-1097

issn

1558-3597

pii

0735-1097(91)90679-4

journal_volume

18

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Impact of mechanical unloading on microvasculature and associated central remodeling features of the failing human heart.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study investigates alterations in myocardial microvasculature, fibrosis, and hypertrophy before and after mechanical unloading of the failing human heart. BACKGROUND:Recent studies demonstrated the pathophysiologic importance and significant mechanistic links among microvasculature, fibrosis, and hyper...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.04.019

    authors: Drakos SG,Kfoury AG,Hammond EH,Reid BB,Revelo MP,Rasmusson BY,Whitehead KJ,Salama ME,Selzman CH,Stehlik J,Clayson SE,Bristow MR,Renlund DG,Li DY

    更新日期:2010-07-27 00:00:00

  • Coronary artery manifestations of fibromuscular dysplasia.

    abstract::Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) involving the coronary arteries is an uncommon but important condition that can present as acute coronary syndrome, left ventricular dysfunction, or potentially sudden cardiac death. Although the classic angiographic "string of beads" that may be observed in renal artery FMD does not occu...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.014

    authors: Michelis KC,Olin JW,Kadian-Dodov D,d'Escamard V,Kovacic JC

    更新日期:2014-09-09 00:00:00

  • Microvascular function is selectively impaired in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sarcomere myofilament gene mutations.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to assess myocardial blood flow (MBF) using positron emission tomography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) according to genetic status. BACKGROUND:Coronary microvascular dysfunction is an important feature of HCM, associated with ventricular remodeling and hear...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.018

    authors: Olivotto I,Girolami F,Sciagrà R,Ackerman MJ,Sotgia B,Bos JM,Nistri S,Sgalambro A,Grifoni C,Torricelli F,Camici PG,Cecchi F

    更新日期:2011-08-16 00:00:00

  • Autosomal Recessive Hypercholesterolemia: Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) is a rare lipid disorder characterized by premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There are sparse data for clinical management and cardiovascular outcomes in ARH. OBJECTIVES:Evaluation of changes in lipid management, achievement of low-densit...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.028

    authors: D'Erasmo L,Minicocci I,Nicolucci A,Pintus P,Roeters Van Lennep JE,Masana L,Mata P,Sánchez-Hernández RM,Prieto-Matos P,Real JT,Ascaso JF,Lafuente EE,Pocovi M,Fuentes FJ,Muntoni S,Bertolini S,Sirtori C,Calabresi L,Pavan

    更新日期:2018-01-23 00:00:00

  • Gene Therapy With Angiotensin-(1-9) Preserves Left Ventricular Systolic Function After Myocardial Infarction.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Angiotensin-(1-9) [Ang-(1-9)] is a novel peptide of the counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system previously demonstrated to have therapeutic potential in hypertensive cardiomyopathy when administered via osmotic mini-pump. Here, we investigate whether gene transfer of Ang-(1-9) is ...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.946

    authors: Fattah C,Nather K,McCarroll CS,Hortigon-Vinagre MP,Zamora V,Flores-Munoz M,McArthur L,Zentilin L,Giacca M,Touyz RM,Smith GL,Loughrey CM,Nicklin SA

    更新日期:2016-12-20 00:00:00

  • Endothelial cell recovery between comparator polymer-based drug-eluting stents.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to assess trends in endothelial coverage and recovery among leading polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DES). BACKGROUND:Autopsy studies of human U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved DES implanted coronary arteries suggest that complications of late stent thrombosis ...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.030

    authors: Joner M,Nakazawa G,Finn AV,Quee SC,Coleman L,Acampado E,Wilson PS,Skorija K,Cheng Q,Xu X,Gold HK,Kolodgie FD,Virmani R

    更新日期:2008-07-29 00:00:00

  • Use of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in patients presenting with cardiogenic shock: observations from the GUSTO-I Study. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine the use, complications and outcomes with early intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) in patients presenting with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction and treated with thrombolytic therapy. BACKGROUND:The use of IABP in patients with cardiogenic shock is widel...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00227-1

    authors: Anderson RD,Ohman EM,Holmes DR Jr,Col I,Stebbins AL,Bates ER,Stomel RJ,Granger CB,Topol EJ,Califf RM

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Metabolic syndrome increases operative mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the metabolic syndrome (MS) on operative mortality after a coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). BACKGROUND:Diabetes and obesity are highly prevalent among patients undergoing CABG. However, it remains unclear whether these factors have a signif...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.075

    authors: Echahidi N,Pibarot P,Després JP,Daigle JM,Mohty D,Voisine P,Baillot R,Mathieu P

    更新日期:2007-08-28 00:00:00

  • Measurement accuracy of cardiac output in humans: indicator-dilution technique versus geometric analysis by ultrafast computed tomography.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate measurement accuracy of cardiac output in humans by comparing the indicator-dilution technique with geometric analysis by ultrafast computed tomography. BACKGROUND:Ultrafast computed tomography can be used to measure cardiac output by two methods. First, by scanning to ...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0735-1097(93)90328-x

    authors: Ludman PF,Coats AJ,Poole-Wilson PA,Rees RS

    更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00

  • Randomized controlled comparison of antitachycardia pacing algorithms for termination of ventricular tachycardia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study compared the efficacy and safety of two antitachycardia pacing algorithms in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. BACKGROUND:There is agreement that antitachycardia pacing should be adapted to tachycardia rate and be delivered in a burst, but the ideal pacing pattern is not well understood. ...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/0735-1097(93)90318-u

    authors: Newman D,Dorian P,Hardy J

    更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00

  • Atherectomy of the subclavian artery for patients with symptomatic coronary-subclavian steal syndrome.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study addresses the efficacy of directional atherectomy in the subclavian artery for the relief of angina in patients with the coronary-subclavian steal syndrome. In addition, we review the histologic findings from the atherectomy specimens. BACKGROUND:The coronary-subclavian steal syndrome may occur a...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0735-1097(93)90369-c

    authors: Breall JA,Grossman W,Stillman IE,Gianturco LE,Kim D

    更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00

  • Investigation of the mechanism of chest pain in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries using transesophageal dobutamine stress echocardiography.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The present study sought to determine whether myocardial contractile abnormalities accompany the development of chest pain in patients with normal coronary angiograms. BACKGROUND:The mechanism of chest pain in patients with angina despite a normal coronary arteriogram is controversial. Although previous stu...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(96)00481-0

    authors: Panza JA,Laurienzo JM,Curiel RV,Unger EF,Quyyumi AA,Dilsizian V,Cannon RO 3rd

    更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00

  • The PROFI study (Prevention of Cerebral Embolization by Proximal Balloon Occlusion Compared to Filter Protection During Carotid Artery Stenting): a prospective randomized trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to compare the cerebral embolic load of filter-protected versus proximal balloon-protected carotid artery stenting (CAS). BACKGROUND:Randomized trials comparing filter-protected CAS with carotid endarterectomy revealed a higher periprocedural stroke rate after CAS. Proximal b...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.035

    authors: Bijuklic K,Wandler A,Hazizi F,Schofer J

    更新日期:2012-04-10 00:00:00

  • Increased release of nitric oxide in ischemic hearts after exercise in patients with effort angina.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine whether the release of nitric oxide (NO) from the ischemic heart increases during exercise in patients with effort angina. BACKGROUND:Myocardial ischemia increases NO production in the canine heart, but no such increase has been demonstrated in the ischemic human heart...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00196-x

    authors: Node K,Kitakaze M,Sato H,Koretsune Y,Karita M,Kosaka H,Hori M

    更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00

  • A technique for the rapid diagnosis of atrial tachycardia in the electrophysiology laboratory.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine if the atrial response upon cessation of ventricular pacing associated with 1:1 ventriculoatrial conduction during paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is a useful diagnostic maneuver in the electrophysiology laboratory. BACKGROUND:Despite various maneuvers, it c...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00614-7

    authors: Knight BP,Zivin A,Souza J,Flemming M,Pelosi F,Goyal R,Man C,Strickberger SA,Morady F

    更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00

  • A randomized multicenter study comparing a paclitaxel drug-eluting balloon with a paclitaxel-eluting stent in small coronary vessels: the BELLO (Balloon Elution and Late Loss Optimization) study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) for the reduction of restenosis in small vessels. BACKGROUND:DEB have been shown to be effective in the treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis, but data are limited regarding th...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.020

    authors: Latib A,Colombo A,Castriota F,Micari A,Cremonesi A,De Felice F,Marchese A,Tespili M,Presbitero P,Sgueglia GA,Buffoli F,Tamburino C,Varbella F,Menozzi A

    更新日期:2012-12-18 00:00:00

  • Oral conjugated equine estrogen increases plasma von Willebrand factor in postmenopausal women.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to test whether one month of daily oral conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) or transdermal estradiol alters hemostatic factors in postmenopausal subjects. BACKGROUND:Estrogen replacement therapy and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) effect an early increase in cardiovascular events in postmenopausal...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02565-2

    authors: Rabbani LE,Seminario NA,Sciacca RR,Chen HJ,Giardina EG

    更新日期:2002-12-04 00:00:00

  • The relation between patients' outcomes and the volume of cardioverter-defibrillator implantation procedures performed by physicians treating Medicare beneficiaries.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to determine if implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation should be limited to physicians with high procedural volume. BACKGROUND:Expanding indications for ICDs will result in an increasing number of physicians implanting these devices. METHODS:Using the 20% Par...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.04.063

    authors: Al-Khatib SM,Lucas FL,Jollis JG,Malenka DJ,Wennberg DE

    更新日期:2005-10-18 00:00:00

  • Precision Medicine in Patients With Resistant Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Blood Pressure Response to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In patients with resistant hypertension (RH) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the blood pressure response to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment is highly variable and could be associated with differential micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) profiles. Currently, no available methods exist to id...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1315

    authors: Sánchez-de-la-Torre M,Khalyfa A,Sánchez-de-la-Torre A,Martinez-Alonso M,Martinez-García MÁ,Barceló A,Lloberes P,Campos-Rodriguez F,Capote F,Diaz-de-Atauri MJ,Somoza M,González M,Masa JF,Gozal D,Barbé F,Spanish Sleep Network

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • Selective suction and pressure-regulated retroinfusion: an effective and safe approach to retrograde protection against myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing normal and high risk percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to study the safety, feasibility and efficacy of selective suction and pressure-regulated retroinfusion to protect against myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing normal risk and high risk balloon angioplasty. BACKGROUND:In a pig model of acute myocardial ischemia it was previously shown that u...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00135-1

    authors: Boekstegers P,Giehrl W,von Degenfeld G,Steinbeck G

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacokinetic-hemodynamic studies of transdermal nitroglycerin in congestive heart failure.

    abstract::Ten patients with chronic congestive heart failure were studied to assess the hemodynamic effects and bioavailability of a transdermal nitroglycerin delivery system. Nitrate sensitivity was defined by a prior 20 minute infusion of nitroglycerin, 21 micrograms/min. Five patients with a satisfactory hemodynamic response...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(87)80398-4

    authors: Armstrong PW

    更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment of catecholamine-sensitive right ventricular tachycardia by endocardial catheter ablation.

    abstract::Endocardial catheter ablation with direct current high voltage shocks was performed in a patient with recurrent syncope due to a catecholamine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia that was drug refractory and occurred in the absence of identifiable heart disease. Pace mapping and catheter activation mapping of the sponta...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0735-1097(90)90370-5

    authors: Stevenson WG,Nademanee K,Weiss JN,Wiener I

    更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00

  • Benefit of early statin therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction who have extremely low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether statin therapy could be beneficial in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who have baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below 70 mg/dl. BACKGROUND:Intensive lipid-lowering therapy with a target LDL-C value <70 mg/dl is recommended in patients with v...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.057

    authors: Lee KH,Jeong MH,Kim HM,Ahn Y,Kim JH,Chae SC,Kim YJ,Hur SH,Seong IW,Hong TJ,Choi DH,Cho MC,Kim CJ,Seung KB,Chung WS,Jang YS,Rha SW,Bae JH,Cho JG,Park SJ,KAMIR (Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry) Investigat

    更新日期:2011-10-11 00:00:00

  • Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

    abstract::Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance, because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired cardiac reserve is considered to be central in HF, reduced exercise and functional capacity are the result of key patient characte...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.072

    authors: Del Buono MG,Arena R,Borlaug BA,Carbone S,Canada JM,Kirkman DL,Garten R,Rodriguez-Miguelez P,Guazzi M,Lavie CJ,Abbate A

    更新日期:2019-05-07 00:00:00

  • Impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy using hemodynamically optimized pacing on left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure and ventricular conduction disturbances.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to investigate the impact of six months of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on echocardiographic variables of left ventricular (LV) function. BACKGROUND:Cardiac resynchronization therapy has recently been introduced as a new therapeutic modality in patients with advanced heart failure (HF) ...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01637-0

    authors: Stellbrink C,Breithardt OA,Franke A,Sack S,Bakker P,Auricchio A,Pochet T,Salo R,Kramer A,Spinelli J,PATH-CHF (PAcing THerapies in Congestive Heart Failure) Investigators; CPI Guidant Congestive Heart Failure Research Group.

    更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00

  • Lipoprotein(a) selectively impairs receptor-mediated endothelial vasodilator function of the human coronary circulation.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated the influence of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] serum levels on different endothelium-dependent vasodilator stimuli representing different mechanisms of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. BACKGROUND:Lp(a) is an independent predictor for the development and progression of coronary artery disease. Im...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00237-4

    authors: Schachinger V,Halle M,Minners J,Berg A,Zeiher AM

    更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00

  • Large artery stiffness predicts ischemic threshold in patients with coronary artery disease.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The goal of this study was to determine whether large artery stiffness contributes to exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND:Large artery stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and a major determinant of pulse pressure and, ...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02009-0

    authors: Kingwell BA,Waddell TK,Medley TL,Cameron JD,Dart AM

    更新日期:2002-08-21 00:00:00

  • Timing of Oral P2Y12 Inhibitor Administration in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Although oral P2Y12 inhibitors are key in the management of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, the optimal timing of their administration is not well defined. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to compare downstream and upstream oral P2Y12 inhibitors administration strateg...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.053

    authors: Tarantini G,Mojoli M,Varbella F,Caporale R,Rigattieri S,Andò G,Cirillo P,Pierini S,Santarelli A,Sganzerla P,Cacciavillani L,Babuin L,De Cesare N,Limbruno U,Massoni A,Rognoni A,Pavan D,Belloni F,Cernetti C,Favero L,

    更新日期:2020-11-24 00:00:00

  • Low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) reduces restenosis after iliac angioplasty in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit.

    abstract::Smooth muscle cell proliferation is central to the process of restenosis. Attempts to inhibit the events leading to this proliferation have met with little success. In addition to its known antithrombotic effects, heparin also has inhibitory effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation. These effects appear to be unrel...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0735-1097(91)90947-8

    authors: Currier JW,Pow TK,Haudenschild CC,Minihan AC,Faxon DP

    更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00

  • Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy by the simple QRS voltage-duration product.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The object of this study was to assess the hypothesis that the product of QRS voltage and duration, as an approximation of the time-voltage integral of the QRS complex, can improve the electrocardiographic (ECG) identification of left ventricular hypertrophy. BACKGROUND:Electrocardiographic identification o...

    journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0735-1097(92)90376-x

    authors: Molloy TJ,Okin PM,Devereux RB,Kligfield P

    更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00