Abstract:
:In the 5 years since its release for clinical use, acyclovir (9-[2-hydroxyethoxymethyl]guanine) has proved to be a safe and effective agent for therapy of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster infections. The drug's availability in topical, oral, and intravenous preparations has allowed its use in a range of clinical situations. Acyclovir must be phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase in infected cells, where it then acts to inhibit viral DNA replication specifically. Epstein-Barr virus and human cytomegalovirus infections do not seem to respond to acyclovir therapy, although in-vitro effects on these viruses may be seen. Acyclovir is well absorbed and distributed, with cerebrospinal fluid levels 50% that of plasma. Clearance is almost entirely by the renal route, with a half-life of 20 hours in the anuric patient. Acyclovir has an excellent safety profile, its major adverse effect being transient serum creatinine elevations during high-dose intravenous use. Major uses include treatment of primary and recurrent genital herpes and herpes encephalitis and prophyllaxis and therapy of mucocutaneous herpes and varicella-zoster infections in immunocompromised patients. Resistance to acyclovir in herpes simplex virus is rarely encountered and does not seem to be due to long-term chronic suppressive therapy.
journal_name
Ann Intern Medjournal_title
Annals of internal medicineauthors
Dorsky DI,Crumpacker CSdoi
10.7326/0003-4819-107-6-859subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-12-01 00:00:00pages
859-74issue
6eissn
0003-4819issn
1539-3704journal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Under the current system of disability determination and workers' compensation for occupational lung disease, disabled workers or their survivors can reasonably count on being compensated. However, by rejecting established scientific truth in order to pay workers' compensation in circumstances where disability or deat...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-908
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels after bilateral adrenalectomy could be secondary to a pituitary tumor, under replacement with cortisol, or an abnormality in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal feedback loop. To distinguish between these possibilities, ACTH levels were measured before and after corti...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-96-3-277
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency of solid tumors was evaluated in 628 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma who had been treated with various melphalan-prednisone combinations. Among those patients who lived at least 2 months, the incidence and diversity of second tumors were similar to those in normal persons of the same age and d...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-780
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the low mortality and morbidity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) compared with other public health scourges, is the attention devoted to it misdirected? The SARS experience has provided at least 4 enduring lessons. First, by providing a test of the capacity of each part of the public health system...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-7-200310070-00011
更新日期:2003-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Older adults with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have higher prevalence of functional impairments, including deficits in cognition, strength, and sensory domains, than their younger counterparts. Objective:To develop and evaluate the prognostic utility of a risk model for 6-month post-AMI mortality in ol...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M19-0974
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Women treated with therapeutic chest radiation may develop breast cancer. PURPOSE:To summarize breast cancer risk and breast cancer surveillance in women after chest radiation for pediatric or young adult cancer. DATA SOURCES:Studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL (1966 to December ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-7-201004060-00009
更新日期:2010-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional interpretation of clinical trials relies heavily on the classic p value. The p value, however, represents only a false-positive rate, and does not tell the probability that the investigator's hypothesis is correct, given his observations. This more relevant posterior probability can be quantified by an ex...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-98-3-385
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that work as a respiratory therapist is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma. DESIGN:Cross-sectional questionnaire study comparing respiratory therapists with controls (physical therapists and radiologic technologists). Subsequent validation of reported asthma w...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-10-767
更新日期:1989-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Physicians treating patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis spend a considerable amount of time dealing with the psychological and social aspects of the disease. The patients' reaction to the disease can be related to age, experience, personality, and environment at work and at home. Common problems include loss of...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-96-3-344
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In deciding whether to undertake a dietary program to reduce serum cholesterol levels, a person must consider how much benefit to expect. We developed a model that assumes cholesterol reduction is effective and safe in reducing the risk for death from ischemic heart disease. In the model, we considered asymptomatic ad...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-106-4-605
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the diagnosis of M7, the bone marrow aspirate shows a leukemic cell infiltrate that comprises 30% or more of all cells. These cells are identified as being of megakaryocyte lineage by the platelet peroxidase reaction on electron microscopy or by tests with monoclonal or polyclonal platelet-specific antibodies. Mye...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-460
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty patients with systemic lupus erythematosus randomly received inactivated bivalent (A/NJ and A/Victoria) influenza vaccine or saline in a double-blind study. During 20 weeks of follow-up, no deterioration in major organ function or increase in disease flares was observed in the immunized group as compared with th...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-6-729
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The cause of cancer-associated venous limb gangrene is unknown but could paradoxically be due to warfarin. OBJECTIVE:To determine the pathogenesis of venous gangrene in a patient with cancer. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:University hospital in Ontario, Canada. PATIENT:66-year-old woman with metastatic lun...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-8_part_1-200110160-00009
更新日期:2001-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The clinical significance of asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis that develops after joint arthroplasty and the value of screening tests to detect thrombi are uncertain. OBJECTIVES:To determine 1) the rate of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurring after hospitalization for joint ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-6-199709150-00004
更新日期:1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No effective oral therapy exists for early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether hydroxychloroquine could reduce COVID-19 severity in adult outpatients. DESIGN:Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from 22 March through 20 May 2020. (ClinicalTrials.gov...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/M20-4207
更新日期:2020-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Advances have recently been made in understanding the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. To correlate the new knowledge of theophylline pharmacokinetics with the drug's current status in therapy, we have critically reviewed the relevant investigations of the last 5 years. We consider data on its presumed mechanisms of ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-63
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Weight loss and increased physical exercise reduce the risk for diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. Randomized trial evidence on the effect of these interventions on people without impaired glucose tolerance is lacking. OBJECTIVE:To examine the influence of a comprehensive intervention progr...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-5-200503010-00006
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Residency Program in Social Medicine at Montefiore Medical Center is a collaborative, integrated training program for primary care pediatricians, internists, and family physicians within one interdisciplinary organization. Since 1970 we have trained more than 200 physicians, prepared them for board certification i...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-4-324
更新日期:1988-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Each year, millions of patients worldwide have a perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) after noncardiac surgery. OBJECTIVE:To examine the characteristics and short-term outcome of perioperative MI. DESIGN:Cohort study. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00182039) SETTING:190 centers in 23 coun...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-8-201104190-00003
更新日期:2011-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease are thought to have painless myocardial ischemia more often than patients without diabetes. We studied 50 consecutive patients with diabetes and 50 consecutive patients without diabetes, all with ischemia, on exercise thallium scintigraphy to show the reliabi...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-170
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) is a heterogenous immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections, and various immunologic abnormalities. In addition to recurrent infections, patients with this syndrome also have an increased incidence of autoimmune disease and m...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00011
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anxiety commonly accompanies serious illness. However, in some patients anxiety is the primary manifestation of illness. Diagnostic criteria for these "primary" anxiety disorders have been redefined in the most recent revision of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. We discuss thes...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-100-4-558
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This issue provides a clinical overview of sickle cell disease focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. Readers can complete the accompanying CME quiz for 1.5 credits. Only ACP members and individual subscribers can access the electronic features of In the Clinic. No...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-155-5-201109060-01003
更新日期:2011-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::This statement summarizes the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on screening for family and intimate partner violence, based on the USPSTF's examination of evidence specific to family and intimate partner violence, and updates the 1996 recommendations on this topic. In 1996, the USPSTF found...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-5-200403020-00014
更新日期:2004-03-02 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Stroke rates in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who are not receiving anticoagulant therapy vary widely across published studies; the resulting effect on the net clinical benefit of anticoagulation in AF is unknown. Objective:To determine the effect of variation in published AF stroke rat...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M17-2762
更新日期:2018-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Severe hypocalcemia secondary to magnesium depletion has been described in numerous patients with gastrointestinal disorders. The development of profound hypomagnesemia in chronic renal disease is a rare finding. We studied three patients with advanced renal failure and magnesium depletion. Severe hypocalcemia also wa...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-206
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult T-cell leukemia associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is characterized by a clonal expansion of a CD4-positive subset of T lymphocytes that constitutively express high numbers of interleukin-2 receptors and that frequently infiltrate the skin; osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia. Usi...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-4-274
更新日期:1988-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent cancer worldwide, responsible for approximately 1,000,000 deaths annually, most of them in the Far East and in sub-Saharan Africa. It usually presents at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. There is evidence of an etiologic role for hepatitis B virus infection in t...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-390
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preventive therapy is an important element of syphilis control efforts. No currently recommended, single-dose alternatives to penicillin G benzathine are available for treatment of incubating syphilis. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the use of a single 1.0-g dose of azithromycin for treatment of persons recently exp...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-6-199909210-00007
更新日期:1999-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the survival time and costs of therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. A computer simulation model of the current system was constructed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of home and center hemodialysis and live related as well as cadaver donor renal transplantation. Analysis of the simulation ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-92-2-243
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00