Abstract:
:Advances have recently been made in understanding the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. To correlate the new knowledge of theophylline pharmacokinetics with the drug's current status in therapy, we have critically reviewed the relevant investigations of the last 5 years. We consider data on its presumed mechanisms of action, factors affecting its clearance, its use in pregnancy, treatment of overdoses, and important drug interactions. Theophylline clearance is decreased by concomitant use of erythromycin, cimetidine, high-dose allopurinol, oral contraceptives, and caffeine. Clearance is increased by concomitant use of phenobarbital and phenytoin. Newly discovered actions of theophylline include dose-dependent improvement of diaphragmatic contractility, augmentation of ventilatory response to hypoxia, and sleep disturbances (especially with high-dose treatments). Points clinically relevant to the daily use of theophylline derivatives and the importance of sustained-release preparations are discussed. Theophylline continues to play a major role in therapy for reactive airways disease.
journal_name
Ann Intern Medjournal_title
Annals of internal medicineauthors
Bukowskyj M,Nakatsu K,Munt PWdoi
10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-63subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-07-01 00:00:00pages
63-73issue
1eissn
0003-4819issn
1539-3704journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether protruding atheromas in the thoracic aorta are a risk factor for systemic embolization. DESIGN:Case-control study. SETTING:A referral hospital. PATIENTS:A total of 122 patients with a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral emboli and an equal number of age- and sex...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-423
更新日期:1991-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are associated with procedure-related complications, yet little is known about variation in complication rates among institutions that may suggest disparities in care quality. Objective:To assess institutional variation in risk-standardized complication ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M18-2810
更新日期:2019-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Glomerular-fixed antibody was eluted from the kidney of a 17-year-old patient who died 2 weeks after the onset of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Elevated titers of antibodies to streptococcal enzymes were found in the serum but not in the glomerular eluate. Streptococcal M protein and anti-M protein react...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-92-4-478
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Opioids are frequently prescribed for acute musculoskeletal injuries and may result in long-term use and consequent harms. PURPOSE:To explore factors associated with persistent opioid use after its prescription for acute musculoskeletal injury. DATA SOURCES:Searches of multiple electronic databases, withou...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.7326/M19-3600
更新日期:2020-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Opioid dependence is a chronic relapsing medical condition with substantial health and societal complications. Recent federal initiatives are designed to enhance the medical treatment of patients with opioid dependence and will expand the role of internists in the care of these patients. These initiatives include a pr...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00014
更新日期:2002-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although clinicians avoid giving meropenem to patients with penicillin allergy because of potential cross-reactivity, the rate of cross-reactivity between penicillins and meropenem has not been prospectively determined. OBJECTIVE:To assess the tolerability of meropenem in patients with documented penicillin...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-4-200702200-00005
更新日期:2007-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::The past 2 decades have seen a revolution in legal access to cannabis, driven largely by activists and business interests. As a result, the population of cannabis users nationwide-especially daily users-has grown significantly. An estimated 4.5-7 million persons in the United States now meet criteria for cannabis use ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/AITC202011030
更新日期:2020-11-03 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To review the available data on the treatment of chronic stable angina and formulate a rational approach to the use of pharmacologic therapy, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search of English-language literature publ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-3-199802010-00008
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether concurrent treatment with acetaminophen and zidovudine impairs clearance of zidovudine, thereby increasing the risk for zidovudine-induced hematologic toxicity. DESIGN:Dose escalation, drug interaction study. SETTING:University clinical research center. PATIENTS:Patients with the acqui...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-11-937
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of a low anion gap in patients with multiple myeloma has recently been emphasized. This has been related to the retention of chloride and bicarbonate anions to offset the cationic charge of the monoclonal immunoglobulins. We now report the presence of a low anion gap in 50 patients with asymptomatic plasm...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-304
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To review available information on the epidemiology, cause, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy or in the early postpartum period and to develop guidelines for the management of this condition. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE and Index Medicus searches and a manual search o...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-9-199611010-00009
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylation of DNA is a biochemical modification that can influence gene expression and is involved in inactivating one of the two X chromosomes in women. Evidence that has accumulated in the past 10 years suggests that cancer cells usurp this physiologic mechanism and use it to their benefit by inactivating tumor sup...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00011
更新日期:2001-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with a retained bullet developed lead poisoning in association with thyrotoxicosis. The clinical and laboratory data suggest that lead was mobilized from an increased mobile bone pool during the hypermetabolic period with resultant poisoning. The findings give factual support to earlier concepts that lead po...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-509
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of massive cocaine intoxication on lung water and ascites accumulation and the effect of beta- and alpha-adrenergic blockade on survival in massive cocaine intoxication in the mouse. DESIGN:The effect of massive cocaine intoxication on lung water, ascitic fluid accumulation, and...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-3-202
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 53-year-old librarian had recurrent palpable purpura on her ankles and legs that was found to be caused by the fumes released from heat-activated photocopy paper at her place of employment. Behenic acid was identified as the responsible chemical component through a series of challenge studies that simulated her work...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-98-3-320
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The frequency and severity of post-thrombotic sequelae after spontaneous axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis remain poorly known. OBJECTIVE:To determine the late sequelae of conventionally treated spontaneous axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:University departm...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00006
更新日期:1999-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::A severe shortage of organs greatly limits the ability to deliver the miracle of transplantation to people suffering from end-stage organ disease. Contributing to this shortage is a high rate of refusal among families who are asked for permission to remove organs from a recently deceased relative. Mandated choice offe...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-1-199607010-00010
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The optimal strategy to prevent recurrent presumed paradoxical emboli in patients with patent foramen ovale is unknown. PURPOSE:To synthesize the current knowledge about and qualitatively assess the relative benefits of transcatheter closure versus medical therapy for patent foramen ovale. DATA SOURCES:Eng...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-9-200311040-00010
更新日期:2003-11-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Screening mammography is recommended for women 50 to 69 years of age because of its proven efficacy and reasonable cost-effectiveness. Extending screening recommendations to include women 40 to 49 years of age remains controversial. OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost-effectiveness of screening mammography in wom...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-11-199712010-00001
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissues from guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium were studied with light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopy. The principal gross lesion was diffuse peritonitis of varying severity. Microscopically, the peritonitis of covered by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-671
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently develop exacerbations, leading to major clinical and health resource use ramifications. OBJECTIVE:To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of a long-acting inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator, tiotropium, in reducing COPD exacerbati...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-143-5-200509060-00007
更新日期:2005-09-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of serious infection in patients infected with HIV. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate risk factors for and quantitative effect of S. aureus infection in HIV-infected patients, with special attention to nasal carriage. DESIGN:Prospective, multihospital cohort study. SETTING:Thr...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00026
更新日期:1999-02-02 00:00:00
abstract:SOURCE CITATION:Nidorf SM, Fiolet ATL, Mosterd A, et al. Colchicine in patients with chronic coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1838-47. 32865380. ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/ACPJ202101190-008
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We observed the course of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in 21 eyes of 14 immunosuppressed patients. In two patients, other organisms, specifically Toxoplasma and Candida, also appeared to be causing retinal disease simultaneously. Post-mortem examination was done on 10 eyes from seven patients. At initial presentati...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-93-5-664
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous meta-analyses demonstrated that high-dose glucocorticoids were not beneficial in sepsis. Recently, lower-dose glucocorticoids have been studied. PURPOSE:To compare recent trials of glucocorticoids for sepsis with previous glucocorticoid trials. DATA SOURCES:Systematic MEDLINE search for studies pu...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-1-200407060-00014
更新日期:2004-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is avoided in most patients with implanted cardiac devices because of safety concerns. OBJECTIVE:To define the safety of a protocol for MRI at the commonly used magnetic strength of 1.5 T in patients with implanted cardiac devices. DESIGN:Prospective nonrandomized trial. (C...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-155-7-201110040-00004
更新日期:2011-10-04 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To describe the clinical and epidemiologic features of Vibrio vulnificus infections. DESIGN:Case series based on notifiable disease report forms and patient medical records. SETTING:Cases reported to the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services from 1981 to 1987. PATIENTS:Sixty-two pa...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-4-318
更新日期:1988-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vaccines are one of the greatest achievements in public health. Prevalence and clinical significance of emerging postapproval, vaccine-related safety issues have not been systematically studied. OBJECTIVE:To explore postmarketing safety modifications in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vacci...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M20-2726
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:Description:The purpose of this guidance statement is to guide clinicians on colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults. Methods:This guidance statement is derived from a critical appraisal of guidelines on screening for colorectal cancer in average-risk adults and the evidence presented in these guidelines. N...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/M19-0642
更新日期:2019-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Women comprise more than one third of the active physician workforce, an estimated 46% of all physicians-in-training, and more than half of all medical students in the United States. Although progress has been made toward gender diversity in the physician workforce, disparities in compensation exist and inequities hav...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M17-3438
更新日期:2018-05-15 00:00:00