Abstract:
:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV), a positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the Arteriviridae family of Nidovirales, has been identified as the causative agent of PRRS. Nsp1alpha is the amino (N)-terminal protein in a polyprotein encoded by the PRRSV genome and is reported to be crucial for subgenomic mRNA synthesis, presumably by serving as a transcription factor. Before functioning in transcription, nsp1alpha proteolytically releases itself from nsp1beta. However, the structural basis for the self-releasing and biological functions of nsp1alpha remains elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of nsp1alpha of PRRSV (strain XH-GD) in its naturally self-processed form. Nsp1alpha contains a ZF domain (which may be required for its biological function), a papain-like cysteine protease (PCP) domain with a zinc ion unexpectedly bound at the active site (which is essential for proteolytic self-release of nsp1alpha), and a carboxyl-terminal extension (which occupies the substrate binding site of the PCP domain). Furthermore, we determined the exact location of the nsp1alpha self-processing site at Cys-Ala-Met180 downward arrowAla-Asp-Val by use of crystallographic data and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. The crystal structure also suggested an in cis self-processing mechanism for nsp1alpha. Furthermore, nsp1alpha appears to have a dimeric architecture both in solution and as a crystal, with a hydrophilic groove on the molecular surface that may be related to nsp1alpha's biological function. Compared with existing structure and function data, our results suggest that PRRSV nsp1alpha functions differently from other reported viral leader proteases, such as that of foot-and-mouth disease.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Sun Y,Xue F,Guo Y,Ma M,Hao N,Zhang XC,Lou Z,Li X,Rao Zdoi
10.1128/JVI.02579-08subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-11-01 00:00:00pages
10931-40issue
21eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.02579-08journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The mammalian APOBEC3 proteins are an important component of the cellular innate immune response to retroviral infection. APOBEC3G can extinguish HIV-1 infectivity by its incorporation into virus particles and subsequent cytosine deaminase activity that attacks the nascent viral cDNA during reverse transcription, caus...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00056-10
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some retroviruses contain monoubiquitinated Gag and do not bud efficiently from cells treated with proteasome inhibitors, suggesting an interaction between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and retrovirus assembly. We examined equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) particles and found that approximately 2% of the p9(Gag)...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.6.3038-3044.2002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cells are central players in the immune response to infectious disease, with the specificity of their responses controlled by the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex on the cell surface. Impairment of TCR/CD3-directed CD4(+) T-cell immune responses is frequently observed in individuals infected with human immunodefici...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.6.5207-5213.1999
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytomegalovirus (CMV) serine proteinase assemblin is synthesized as a precursor that undergoes three principal autoproteolytic cleavages. Two of these are common to the assemblin homologs of all herpes group viruses: one at the maturational site near the carboxyl end of the precursor and another at the release sit...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.8.5395-5404.1996
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genome of a canine parvovirus isolate strain (CPV-N) was cloned, and the DNA sequence was determined. The entire genome, including ends, was 5,323 nucleotides in length. The terminal repeat at the 3' end of the genome shared similar structural characteristics but limited homology with the rodent parvoviruses. The ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.1.266-276.1988
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norovirus immunity is poorly understood as the limited data available on protection after infection are often contradictory. In contrast to the more prominent GII noroviruses, GI norovirus infections are less frequent in outbreaks. The GI noroviruses display very complex patterns of heterotypic immune responses follow...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02179-09
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemagglutination (HA) by the mammalian reoviruses is mediated by interactions between the viral sigma 1 protein and sialoglycoproteins on the erythrocyte surface. Three serotype 3 (T3) reovirus strains were identified that do not agglutinate either bovine or type O human erythrocytes (HA negative): T3 clone 43 (T3C43)...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.10.5173-5176.1990
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously demonstrated that chimeric porcine parvovirus-like particles (PPV:VLP) carrying heterologous epitopes, when injected intraperitoneally into mice without adjuvant, activate strong CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses specific for the foreign epitopes. In the present study, we investigated the immunogenicity...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.4.2739-2744.1999
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous reports (H. Delius and J. B. Clements, J. Gen. Virol. 33:125-134, 1976; G. S. Hayward, R. J. Jacob, S. C. Wadsworth, and B. Roizman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72:4243-4247, 1975; B. Roizman, G. S. Hayward, R. Jacob, S. W. Wadsworth, and R. W. Honess, Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 2:188-198, 1974) have sh...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.29.2.448-457.1979
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera:Delphacidae), is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice crops in Asia. Nudivirus-like sequences were identified during the whole-genome sequencing of BPH. PCR examination showed that the virus sequences were present in all of the 22 BPH pop...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03166-13
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), low-level viremia (LLV) may be intermittently detected in most HIV-infected patients. Longitudinal blood plasma and resting CD4(+) T cells were obtained from two patients on suppressive ART to investigate the source of LLV. Single-genome sequencing of HIV-1 env from LLV...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00284-11
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dactylosporangiophage A1 has a polygonal head (75 nm) with spherical capsomeres (3 nm) and a noncontractile tail (200 by 10 nm) with cross-striations which is terminated with at least three prongs which are used for attachment. It contains double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and produces very little lysis. Intracell...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.3.2.210-216.1969
更新日期:1969-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen (T-ag) with the viral origin has served as a model for studies of site-specific recognition of a eukaryotic replication origin and the mechanism of DNA unwinding. These studies have revealed that a motif termed the "beta-hairpin" is necessary for assembly of T-ag on ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02451-06
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preclinical studies have shown that gene transfer following readministration of viral vectors is often inefficient due to the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Vectors derived from ubiquitous human adenoviruses may have limited clinical use because preexisting humoral and cellular immunity is found in 90% of the po...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.1.505-512.2000
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have demonstrated that a liposomal array of well-ordered trimers enhances B cell activation, germinal center formation, and the elicitation of tier-2 autologous neutralizing antibodies. Previously, we coupled well-ordered cleavage-independent NFL trimers via their C-terminal polyhistidine tails to nickel lipids int...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00443-17
更新日期:2017-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (pX) is implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis by an unknown mechanism. pX variants encoded by HBV genomes found integrated in genomic DNA from liver tumors of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally lack amino acids 134 to 154. Since deregulation of mitogenic pathways ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00661-06
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2) acidic domain is essential for B-lymphocyte growth transformation and can activate transcription when brought to a promoter by a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain. We now show that the EBNA-2 acidic domain has slightly less activity than the proteotypic acidic trans...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.1.585-588.1995
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD8+ T cells are the key cellular effectors mediating the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. However, early immunological events surrounding the priming of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses remain poorly understood. This study examined the importance of priming location and the relative contribution of ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00920-18
更新日期:2018-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::It has been reported that gene expression directed by the long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is trans activated by a protein encoded in an alternate reading frame within the RSV gag gene (S. Broome and W. Gilbert, Cell 40:537-546, 1985). We have made specific mutations to test the role of the putative tr...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.11.4003-4008.1988
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between the vaccinia virus hemagglutinin and hemadsorption was examined. Hemagglutinin synthesis was temporally related to the appearance of the hemadsorption reaction. Only chicken erythrocytes, which reacted with hemagglutinin, hemadsorbed to infected cells, and both of these reactions were inhibite...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.9.2.290-296.1972
更新日期:1972-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is known to infect stem cells in the neonatal central nervous system. Here, we evaluated the effects of CVB3 infection on the major source and repository of stem cells, the bone marrow (BM). Viral genome was detectable in BM within 24 h of infection, and productive infection of BM cells was ev...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03004-12
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously described a monoclonal antibody (Y8-10C2) that binds influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) monomers but not native trimers. In this study, we demonstrated that Y8-10C2 binds to the globular domain of HA and found evidence that its epitope is located at the interface of adjacent subunits. We further showed t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.2.933-942.1993
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) specific for conserved epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) are believed to be essential for protection against multiple HIV-1 clades. However, vaccines capable of stimulating the production of bNAbs remain a major challenge. Given that polyreactivity and autoreactivit...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02904-14
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA from Haemophilus influenzae temperate phage N3 was characterized by centrifugation and by electrophoresis after nuclease digestion. The double-stranded DNA, with a mass of 25.8 X 10(6) daltons, had single-strand cohesive ends. Strand association through cohesion was reduced by heat and removed by S1 nuclease d...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.40.1.133-141.1981
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in dendritic cells (DCs) is restricted by SAMHD1. This factor is counteracted by the viral protein Vpx; Vpx is found in HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from sooty mangabeys (SIVsm) or from macaques (SIVmac) but is absent from HIV-1. We pre...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03057-13
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic peptides of increasing length and corresponding in sequence to the C-terminal end of the HA1 molecule of influenza virus were constructed and examined for their immunogenic and antigenic properties. Peptides containing at least the four C-terminal amino acids, when coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, were ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.12.4745-4751.1988
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies showed that the amino-terminal domain of Rous sarcoma virus p60v-src involved in myristylation and membrane association of the protein is required for morphological transformation and anchorage independence. Analysis of src delection mutants revealed that the amino-terminal one-third of p60v-src, incl...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.5.1678-1681.1987
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have tested triple and quadruple combinations of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which are directed against various epitopes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins, and a high-titer anti-HIV-1 human immunoglobulin (HIVIG) preparation for their abilities to neutralize a chimeric si...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.4.3235-3240.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has often been suggested for development as a vector, particularly for the nervous system. Considerable evidence has shown that for use of HSV as a vector, immediate-early (IE) gene expression must be minimized or abolished, otherwise such vectors are likely to be highly cytotoxic. Mutations...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.9.7399-7409.1999
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four chimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env genes were constructed which encoded the extracellular domain of either the wild-type or a cleavage-defective HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp160) fused at one of two different positions in env to a C-terminal glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) attachment s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.9.5279-5288.1993
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00