Face touching in the time of COVID-19 in Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Iranian were advice to wear a mask and not touch their face during COVID-19 restrictions in Iran. METHODS:One-thousand people were observed for 15-30 minutes in public places between April 22 and May 9, 2020. The average number of touches to the mucosal zone was calculated per hour and mask wearers (N = 568) were compared with those not wearing a mask (N = 432). FINDINGS:Ninety-two percent were observed touching their face at least once an hour and averaged 10 (SD 6) touches per hour. Nonmask wearers touched their face significantly more often than mask wearers (11 vs 8 times per hour, P < .001). Nonmask wearers were 1.5 (95%CI OR 1.2-2.0) times more likely to touch their mucosal zone than mask wearers (P < .001). CONCLUSION:Face touching is a common behavior and may have a role in COVID-19 transmission in the absence of hand hygiene. Mask use decrease the frequency of touching the mucosal zone.

journal_name

Am J Infect Control

authors

Shiraly R,Shayan Z,McLaws ML

doi

10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.009

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1559-1561

issue

12

eissn

0196-6553

issn

1527-3296

pii

S0196-6553(20)30774-4

journal_volume

48

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a neonatal intensive care unit.

    abstract::This report describes a cluster of nosocomial infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a neonatal intensive care nursery. All 5 cases of P aeruginosa infection were clustered in September 1999. Aggressive infection control measures were instituted, including installation of a user-friendly handwashing soap and enviro...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1067/mic.2002.121153

    authors: Zafar AB,Sylvester LK,Beidas SO

    更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00

  • Infection prevention and control in dental surgeries in the Pará state prison system in Brazil.

    abstract::Prison populations have higher levels of bloodborne viruses with consequently higher risks of cross-infection. This study assessed infection prevention and occupational hazards in prison dental surgeries in the Brazilian state of Pará. Investigations were undertaken by a single examiner in 11 prison clinics. Manual wa...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.04.213

    authors: Lima CM,Smith AJ,Fonseca Silva AS,Flório FM,Zanin L

    更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00

  • Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli bacteremia in cancer patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli is a serious threat to cancer patients. We aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the development of MDR E coli bacteremia in cancer patients and the possibility of horizontal transmission. METHODS:We conducted a 1:2 case-control study of 58 patients w...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.02.002

    authors: Vigil KJ,Adachi JA,Aboufaycal H,Hachem RY,Reitzel RA,Jiang Y,Tarrand JJ,Chemaly RF,Bodey GP,Rolston KV,Raad I

    更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00

  • Skin flora of patients in Thailand.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies taken from different hospitalized patient populations, environments, and geographic regions reveal differences in the numbers and species of organisms colonizing the skin. Our aim was to determine the types and amounts of skin flora, and examine the factors associated with variations in microbial ski...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1067/mic.2003.64

    authors: Thamlikitkul V,Santiprasitkul S,Suntanondra L,Pakaworawuth S,Tiangrim S,Udompunthurak S,Danchaivijitr S

    更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00

  • Varicella-zoster virus: infection, control, and prevention.

    abstract::Varicella-zoster virus is a herpes virus that produces a primary infection, chickenpox, manifested by a vesicular eruption and is considered one of the common childhood infectious diseases. After the initial infection the virus becomes latent, then when activated it is manifested as herpes zoster, commonly known as sh...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0196-6553(98)80025-4

    authors: Stover BH,Bratcher DF

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • An in-room observation study of hand hygiene and contact precaution compliance for Clostridioides difficile patients.

    abstract::Using an innovative, covert, in-room observer method to evaluate infection control practices for patients with Clostridioides difficile infection, we found no difference between physician and nursing hand hygiene compliance and contact precaution usage. There was also no diurnal variation in hand hygiene practices, bu...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2019.03.031

    authors: Barker AK,Cowley ES,McKinley L,Wright MO,Safdar N

    更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00

  • Incidence and modifiable risk factors of surveillance of surgical site infections in Egypt: a prospective study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical site infections (SSIs) contribute significantly to patient morbidity and mortality and exhaust health care system resources. The main objectives of the study were to describe the incidence rates of SSIs among patients undergoing urologic or cardiothoracic surgeries, the associated risk factors, and ...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2011.07.001

    authors: Hafez S,Saied T,Hasan E,Elnawasany M,Ahmad E,Lloyd L,El-Shobary W,House B,Talaat M

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Wettability of hands during 15-second and 30-second handrub time intervals: A prospective, randomized crossover study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:At present, the shortest recommended application time of alcoholic handrubs is an application interval of 30 seconds. However, application times shorter than 30 seconds are regularly practiced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a 15-second application time achieves a comparable wetta...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2018.02.015

    authors: Paula H,Becker R,Assadian O,Heidecke CD,Kramer A

    更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cleaning, resistant bacteria, and antibiotic prescribing in residential aged care facilities.

    abstract::Residents of residential aged care facilities (RACFs) are at risk of colonization and infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic prescribing is often inappropriate and not based on culture-proven infection. We describe low levels of resident colonization and environmental contamination with resistant ...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2015.09.034

    authors: Cowan RU,Kishan D,Walton AL,Sneath E,Cheah T,Butwilowsky J,Friedman ND

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00

  • Customizing infection control educational programs within the health care facility. Meeting a challenge vs. just satisfying a requirement.

    abstract::Infection control practitioners working within health care facilities are charged with the providing of in-service education programs for all new employees and volunteers as well as for all hospital departments, at least annually. To be effective, each program should be customized to meet the needs of the group for wh...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0196-6553(82)80032-1

    authors: Christel LP

    更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00

  • Computer keyboard covers impregnated with a novel antimicrobial polymer significantly reduce microbial contamination.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Contaminated computer keyboards have been acknowledged as a potential source for bacterial transmission between health care providers and patients. Biosafe HM 4100 is an antimicrobial polymer that can be incorporated into the polyurethane material used to make keyboard covers. This study aimed to determine w...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.03.030

    authors: D'Antonio NN,Rihs JD,Stout JE,Yu VL

    更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Routine monitoring of adenovirus and norovirus within the health care environment.

    abstract::This study investigated the presence of adenovirus and norovirus on ward surfaces using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assist in the development of evidence-based infection control policy. Screening was carried out weekly for 6 months in the common areas of 2 pediatric wards. Additionally, a one-off scre...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2014.07.028

    authors: Pankhurst L,Cloutman-Green E,Canales M,D'Arcy N,Hartley JC

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Performance of US hospitals on recommended screening and immunization practices for pregnant and postpartum women.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Recommendations by most national advisory committees on immunization include evaluating all pregnant women for chronic hepatitis B virus infection and immunity to rubella. It is recommended that all pregnant women be screened for hepatitis B surface antigen during an early prenatal visit and that rubella vacc...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1067/mic.2000.109886

    authors: Bath SK,Singleton JA,Strikas RA,Stevenson JM,McDonald LL,Williams WW

    更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00

  • Association of hospital-area deprivation with hospital performance on health care associated infection rates in 2018.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are common and often preventable complications of care, with reduction emphasized in national policy. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services introduced an HAI-focused Hospital Acquired Condition Reduction Program in 2015 to penalize poor-performin...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.038

    authors: Wiemken TL,Wright MO,Johnston KJ

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • Saving time and resources: observational research to support adoption of a hand hygiene promotion campaign.

    abstract::Hand hygiene is the most effective way to prevent the spread of health care-associated infections, but many facilities may not have the resources or expertise to develop their own hand hygiene promotion campaign. This observational study demonstrated that a campaign developed for 1 facility could successfully contribu...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2015.02.020

    authors: Mackert M,Lazard A,Liang MC,Mabry A,Champlin S,Stroever S

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Recruitment and hiring practices in United States infection prevention and control departments: Results of a national survey.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Infection prevention is a profession that requires highly specified skills and clinical experience. Infection Preventionists (IPs) direct interventions that protect patients from health care-associated infections across clinical and community settings. To enhance the hiring and recruitment of diverse IPs, it...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.024

    authors: Gilmartin H,Reese SM,Smathers S

    更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00

  • Impact of a program to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infection in the zero tolerance era.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is one of the most important health care-associated infections in the critical care setting. METHODS:A quasiexperimental study involving multiple interventions to reduce the incidence of CLABSI was conducted in a medical-surgical intensive care unit (IC...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.11.012

    authors: Marra AR,Cal RG,Durão MS,Correa L,Guastelli LR,Moura DF Jr,Edmond MB,Dos Santos OF

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • Pet-assisted therapy in the nursing home setting: potential for zoonosis.

    abstract::Pet-assisted therapy in the nursing home setting, as a vital component of the Eden Alternative or Human Habitat program, is gaining widespread recognition and implementation. Programs such as this help to improve the quality of life of nursing home residents by offsetting resident loneliness, helplessness, and boredom...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1067/mic.2001.115873

    authors: Guay DR

    更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00

  • State focus on health care-associated infection prevention in nursing homes.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite increased focus on health care-associated infections (HAI), between 1.6 and 3.8 million HAI occur annually among the vulnerable population residing in US nursing homes (NH). This study characterized state department of health (DOH) activities and policies intended to improve quality and reduce HAI in...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2013.11.024

    authors: Cohen CC,Herzig CT,Carter EJ,Pogorzelska-Maziarz M,Larson EL,Stone PW

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Animal-assisted interventions: A national survey of health and safety policies in hospitals, eldercare facilities, and therapy animal organizations.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Animal-assisted intervention (AAI) programs are increasing in popularity, but it is unknown to what extent therapy animal organizations that provide AAI and the hospitals and eldercare facilities they work with implement effective animal health and safety policies to ensure safety of both animals and humans....

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.04.287

    authors: Linder DE,Siebens HC,Mueller MK,Gibbs DM,Freeman LM

    更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation in general practice of the patient's feelings about a recent hospitalization and isolation for a multidrug-resistant infection.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Isolation precautions used against multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are responsible for many emotional side effects. We evaluated patient's feeling after a hospitalization for an MDR infection. METHODS:We conducted a qualitative study that included 11 interviews from August 2017 to June 2018. We used phe...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2019.03.018

    authors: Hereng O,Dinh A,Salomon J,Davido B

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • The impact of multidrug resistance on outcomes in ventilator-associated pneumonia.

    abstract::Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms in ventilator-associated pneumonia were found in 49 of 107 patients and were associated with home antibiotics, pre-ventilator-associated pneumonia hospital stay, and health care exposure. Overall, MDR organisms were associated with increased mortality (P = .006). On multivariate ana...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2013.12.009

    authors: Tedja R,Nowacki A,Fraser T,Fatica C,Griffiths L,Gordon S,Isada C,van Duin D

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Infection preventionists' experience during the first months of the 2009 novel H1N1 influenza A pandemic.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:A novel strain of influenza A (H1N1) was identified in April 2009 and developed into a pandemic by June 2009. This rapid and unexpected event had enormous implications for infection preventionists (IP) internationally. Lessons learned from this event should guide future pandemic planning efforts. METHODS:Fo...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.09.003

    authors: Rebmann T,Wagner W

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • The prospective evaluation of risk factors and clinical influence of carbapenem resistance in children with gram-negative bacteria infection.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative (CRGN) infections have been increasing in recent years and associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic and clinical risk characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of CRGN infections and to...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.08.013

    authors: Sahbudak Bal Z,Bekmezci N,Soylu M,Sen S,Avcu G,Aydemir S,Vardar F

    更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00

  • Electronic hand hygiene monitoring as a tool for reducing health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.

    abstract::Electronic monitoring of hand hygiene compliance using the World Health Organization's My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene is a new innovation that has not yet been shown to reduce hospital infections. We analyzed existing data from 23 inpatient units over a 33-month period and found a significant correlation between unit-s...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.04.215

    authors: Kelly JW,Blackhurst D,McAtee W,Steed C

    更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • Moving beyond hand hygiene monitoring as a marker of infection prevention performance: Development of a tailored infection control continuous quality improvement tool.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Infection control practice compliance is commonly monitored by measuring hand hygiene compliance. The limitations of this approach were recognized in 1 acute health care organization that led to the development of an Infection Control Continuous Quality Improvement tool. METHODS:The Pronovost cycle, Barrier...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2019.06.014

    authors: Jeanes A,Coen PG,Drey NS,Gould DJ

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effectiveness of cleaning-disinfection wipes and sprays against multidrug-resistant outbreak strains.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Hospital rooms play an important role in the transmission of several health care-associated pathogens. During the last few years, a number of innovative cleaning-disinfecting products have been brought to market. In this study, commercially available products combining cleaning and disinfection were compared...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.04.290

    authors: Kenters N,Huijskens EGW,de Wit SCJ,van Rosmalen J,Voss A

    更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • Outbreak or coincidental cases of tuberculosis? Genotyping provides the clue.

    abstract::We illustrate how genotyping of mycobacterial strains contributed to the discovery of an undetected outbreak of tuberculosis in a hospital ward, ruling out misleading assumptions of transmission chains. Genotyping should be taken into account in routine tests for the control of tuberculosis. ...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.003

    authors: Casas-Fischer R,Penedo-Pallares A,Palacios-Gutierrez JJ,Moreno-Torrico A

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Cleaning assessment of disinfectant cleaning wipes on an external surface of a medical device contaminated with artificial blood or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Improperly cleaned, disinfected, or sterilized reusable medical devices are a critical cause of health care-associated infections. More effective studies are required to address the improvement of cleaning and disinfection instructions, as well as selection of cleaning and disinfecting agents, for surfaces o...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2013.01.029

    authors: Gold KM,Hitchins VM

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • Monitoring and improving the effectiveness of cleaning medical and surgical devices.

    abstract::The overall risk of infection from medical devices is very low, but high infection transmission rates have been related to inadequate reprocessing of arthroscopic shavers and flexible duodenoscopes. Monitoring of manual and automated cleaning is needed to ensure that inadequately cleaned medical devices are recleaned ...

    journal_title:American journal of infection control

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.12.006

    authors: Alfa MJ

    更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00