Abstract:
:In this brief review, I focused on the abdominal expiratory motor pattern in the rat. In the vagotomized adult rat, hypercapnic acidosis evoked two patterns of the abdominal expiratory activity; one with low amplitude expiratory discharge (E-all activity) that persisted throughout the expiratory phase, and another with late expiratory and high amplitude bursts (E2 activity) superimposed on the E-all activity. The E-all activity appeared from milder acidosis than the E2 activity. In the anesthetized, vagotomized or vagus-intact neonatal rats, abdominal muscles often showed not only E2 activity but also a smaller additional burst occurred just after the termination of diaphragmatic inspiratory activity (E1 activity). Since this E1 activity is rarely observed in the adult rat, the abdominal respiratory motor pattern likely changes during postnatal development. Under light anesthesia, vagal afferent feedback shortened the respiratory cycle period due to shortening of the expiratory duration. Further decrement in depth of anesthesia changed the biphasic E2+E1 abdominal motor activity pattern to E-all activity pattern in the vagus-intact neonatal rat. Since this E-all activity was typically observed with short cycle period in the vagus-intact neonatal rat, relation with the E-all activity in the vagotomized adult rat remained unknown. The vagal feedback should have roles not only in setting the cycle period short but also shaping the expiratory motor pattern in the neonatal rat. Although abdominal muscles in the in vitro preparation from neonatal rat also showed biphasic E2+E1 activity, E2 activity was shorter and/or smaller than the E1 activity.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Iizuka Mdoi
10.1007/978-1-4419-5692-7_31subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
157-61eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
669pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Clinical two-dimensional (2D) Doppler ultrasound flow velocity measurement is important for determination of arterial wall shear stress, blood-tissue exchange, myocardial and valvular function. Such 2D Doppler flow velocity images are usually displayed in color, superimposed on the gray-scale, cross-section structural...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2946-0_38
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaling or ingesting hydrogen (H2) gas improves oxidative stress-induced damage in animal models and humans. We previously reported that H2 was consumed throughout the human body after the ingestion of H2-rich water and that the H2 consumption rate ([Formula: see text]) was 1.0 μmol/min/m(2) body surface area. To con...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7411-1_42
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our current understanding of focal seizures strongly suggests a model of damage and associated synaptic reorganization that leads to periodic 'spontaneous' hyperexcitation and/or sustained firing that generates seizures. Our working model of a human epileptic focus assumes that there will often be inexcitability near ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7971-3_8
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is an emerging complication of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. This study aimed at the evaluation of etiology, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of NP. The institutional database of children with CAP treated between April 2008 and July 2013 was searched to identify ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2014_99
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the modern era of next-generation genomics and Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a growing demand for translational research that brings about not only impactful research but also potential commercialisation of R- and D-based products. Advancement of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology has put forward ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98758-3_6
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter is an overview of published observations from our laboratory on the psychophysics and neurobiology of the persistent itch and pain of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). ACD is a clinically significant problem with many features characteristic of other pruritic disorders. Our approach was to produce ACD ex...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7537-3_2
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monocytes/macrophages are highly involved in the process of renal injury, repair and fibrosis in many aspects of experimental and human renal diseases. Monocyte-derived macrophages, characterized by high heterogeneity and plasticity, are recruited, activated, and polarized in the whole process of renal fibrotic diseas...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_13
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic transformation is a critical component to the fundamental genetic analysis of insect species and holds great promise for establishing strains that improve population control and behavior for practical application. This is especially so for insects that are disease vectors, many of which are currently subject t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78225-6_1
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is an ubiquitous and major mechanism for Ca(2+) influx in mammalian cells with important physiological relevance. Since the discovery of SOCE in 1986 both, the mechanism that communicates the amount of Ca(2+) accumulated in the intracellular Ca(2+) stores to the plasma membrane chann...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_15
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relative to the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis a number of questions remain to be answered. Being ubiquitous, are the herpesvirus infections the norm or a diseased state in humans and animals? In all cases studied, including MDV induced atherosclerosis, direct isolation of viruses from arterial...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1957-7_9
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple senses, including hearing, touch and osmotic regulation, require the ability to convert force into an electrical signal: A process called mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction occurs through specialized proteins that open an ion channel pore in response to a mechanical stimulus. Many of these proteins rema...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1704-0_9
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythrocyte phosphoribosylpyrophosphate availability for adenine was measured by silicon oil method previously described. The homozygotes of Japanese type APRT deficiency (n = 6, from 4 families) showed 4.3 +/- 2.7% (mean +/- standard deviation) of adenine PRPP availability and the heterozygotes (n = 5) showed 86.0 +/...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5673-8_6
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in the design of cochlear implants (CIs), as well as improved CI surgical techniques, have led to an increase in the number of patients who retain some residual low-frequency acoustic hearing in the implanted ear. Many of these patients also possess some hearing in the unimplanted ear. Although their low-freq...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1590-9_28
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging is associated with changes in biological functions, such as reduced cardiovascular responses to stressful tasks. However, less is known about the influence of age on the reactivity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to acute stressors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a computerized-controll...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_21
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electroencephalography (EEG) studies in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients show an attenuation of average power within the alpha band (7.5-13 Hz) and an increase of power in the theta band (4-7 Hz). Significant body of evidence suggest that thalamocortical circuitry underpin the generation and modulation of alpha and t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0164-3_6
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Along with food safety issues due to mycotoxins, the effects of Fusarium infections on malt and beer quality can be disastrous. While some of the Fusarium head blight mycotoxins, such as DON, present in infected barley may be lost during steeping, the Fusarium mold is still capable of growth and mycotoxin production d...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0629-4_22
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A virus inducing a cytopathic effect on porcine alveolar macrophages was isolated from the lungs of a pig with respiratory problems and lesions of proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia. The isolate was found to react with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) monoclonal antibodies by indirect i...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_23
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic nonmalignant pulmonary diseases impose a heavy burden on patients, generate health-care costs, and contribute to poor health-related quality of life. It has been found that a wide range of factors negatively affects quality of life, but the role of acceptance of illness needs to be further investigated. The ai...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2019_386
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have resulted in introduction of novel 3D tissue models, materials and methods to the regular practice of cell biologists, material scientists and specialists from related areas. 3D tissue models allow mimicking in vivo cell and tissue organ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67358-5_4
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A collaborative study of the ampouled preparation of porcine pancreatic kininogenase, the Proposed International Reference Preparation (PIRP), was carried out, on behalf of the World Health Organization, by 19 laboratories in seven countries. The PIRP was studied using in vivo bioassays, immunoassays and in vitro enzy...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a medical condition usually affecting older adults and resulting in a loss of vision in the macula, the center of the visual field. The dry form of this disease presents with atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, resulting in the detachment of the retina and loss of photo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_105
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene therapy delivery using viral vectors has demonstrated efficient transfection but has safety issues. The need for safer yet effective delivery systems has led to the active development of non-viral techniques. In this chapter, we will discuss two evolving techniques - sonoporation with microbubble contrast agents ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_12
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taurine plays an important role in the modulation of cardiovascular function by acting not only within the brain but also within peripheral tissues. We found that IV injection of taurine to male rats caused hypotension and tachycardia. A single injection of taurine significantly lowered the systolic, diastolic, and me...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_31
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A key feature of biofilms is their production of an extracellular matrix. This material covers the biofilm cells, providing a protective barrier to the surrounding environment. During an infection setting, this can include such offenses as host cells and products of the immune system as well as drugs used for treatmen...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2016_6
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical challenge on surface engineering of medical devices to prevent microorganisms adhesion and biofilm formation, has become an essential aspect for medical implants. Antibacterial properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) have been demonstrated across a broad spectrum of bacteria, and the different mechanisms of act...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2019_434
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soundscape ecological research in terrestrial systems is relatively new. In this paper, I present a brief summary of the origins of this research area, describe research questions related to several research thrusts that are ongoing, summarize several soundscape projects that exist and how these relate to the research...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_103
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CALX, the NCX homolog in Drosophila, involves in light-mediated Ca(2+) homeostasis in sensory neuronal cells. CALX exhibits a unique negative Ca(2+) regulatory property mediated by Ca2+ binding at its intracellular regulatory domain. Our structural studies of individual CBD1 or CBD2 domain reveal that CBD1 is the only...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4756-6_6
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Initially developed in the mid-1990s to examine the conformational changes of the canonical Shaker voltage-gated potassium channel, functional site-directed fluorometry has since been expanded to numerous other voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels as well as transporters, pumps, and other integral membrane prot...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2845-3_4
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::NOD-like receptors (NLRs) exert pivotal roles in innate immunity as sensors of exogenous or endogenous cellular danger signals. The NLR protein family has a characteristic domain architecture comprising a central nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD), an N-terminal effector binding domain and C-terminal ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0901-5_3
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The computational platform ENVIRONMENT, developed to simulate stochastically reaction systems in varying compartmentalized conditions [Mavelli and Ruiz-Mirazo: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 362:1789-1802, 2007; Physical Biology 7(3): 036002, 2010], is here applied to study the dynamic properties and stability of ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_70
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00