Abstract：
:A key feature of biofilms is their production of an extracellular matrix. This material covers the biofilm cells, providing a protective barrier to the surrounding environment. During an infection setting, this can include such offenses as host cells and products of the immune system as well as drugs used for treatment. Studies over the past two decades have revealed the matrix from different biofilm species to be as diverse as the microbes themselves. This chapter will review the composition and roles of matrix from fungal biofilms, with primary focus on Candida species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Additional coverage will be provided on the antifungal resistance proffered by the Candida albicans matrix, which has been studied in the most depth. A brief section on the matrix produced by bacterial biofilms will be provided for comparison. Current tools for studying the matrix will also be discussed, as well as suggestions for areas of future study in this field.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Mitchell KF,Zarnowski R,Andes DRdoi
10.1007/5584_2016_6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
21-35eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
931pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Proliferation of mononuclear cells was examined with an autoradiography method in the CSF and peripheral blood of 13 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), serially during activation of disease in one patient with subacute sclerosis panencephalitis (SSPE), and in some control patients with various neurological conditi...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-2514-7_41
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organisms are subject to random changes in their external environments, as well as in their internal components. A central goal of evolutionary systems biology is to understand how living systems cope with-and in some cases exploit-this variation. Many cellular and developmental processes operate with high fidelity to...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-3567-9_20
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skeletal muscle alpha-actin is the principal protein component of the adult skeletal muscle thin filament. The interaction between skeletal muscle alpha-actin and the various myosin heavy chain proteins in the different muscle fibre types generates the force of muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle alpha-alpha actin is ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-84847-1_2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase activity was detected in chicken spleen membrane fraction using a capillary electrophoresis assay and the activity was extracted by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C but not by 1 M NaCl or 1% Triton X-100. The enzyme protein was purified from chicken spleen membr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-8632-0_30
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, we have demonstrated that the ocular surface epithelia express at least three mucin genes. We suggest that the gel-forming mucin MUC5AC is a major mucin forming the mucus gel of the tear film. We further suggest that MUC1 facilitates the spread of the MUC5-containing mucus on the ocular surface and, along ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-5359-5_32
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mortality from plague is high if not treated with the proper antibiotics within 18-24 hours after onset of symptoms. The process of antibiotic susceptibility determination of Yersinia pestis isolated from blood samples may extend from 4 to more than 7 days, since the in vitro growth is very slow. To accelerate this pr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-72124-8_31
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between oxygen concentrations in arteries, cytosol, and mitochondria and high energy phosphate metabolism was studied in perfused rat hearts subjected to low and high workloads during gradual hypoxia. PCr, ATP, and Pi were measured by 31P-NMR. Myoglobin oxygenation and cytochrome aa3 oxidation were me...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-8181-5_50
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental and iatrogenic exposures contribute significantly to human diseases, including cancer. The list of known human carcinogens has recently been extended by the addition of aristolochic acids (AAs). AAs occur primarily in Aristolochia herbs, which are used extensively in folk medicines, including Traditional...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-41283-8_9
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of polyphenolic compounds to form insoluble complexes with other macro-molecules such as proteins has long been associated with the observed reduction in nutritive value resulting from their inclusion in animal diets. Naturally occurring polyphenols, and in particular condensed tannins isolated from variou...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-0022-0_29
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1) Although virulence of enteropathogenic E. coli in the pig is essentially associated with the K88 adhesion determinant, protection of the neonate and weanling is not necessarily dependent upon antibodies to this surface antigen. 2) Modification of the surface antigenic characteristics of enteropathogens occurs in th...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3369-2_16
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Poultry breeding has economical importance for the people living in Bursa and surrounding villages. Similar to some sporadic disease, gout can also be reason for production loses and death in laying and broiler chickens. Gout cases have been observed in some pens of a big poultry company. In this study 20 healthy cont...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-2638-8_57
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Because retina-damaging angiogenesis is controlled by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and people with higher glucose intakes are more susceptible to retinal complications that may be due to increased VEGF, it is crucial to elucidate relations between glucose exposure and VEGF expression. We aimed to...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_77
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has an essential role in signal transduction, where it is required for a number of different cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, development, migration and growth. In the immune system, PI3K regulates inflammation by controlling the activation a...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-15774-0_9
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addiction is marked by repeating a certain behavior while ignoring the potential physical or mental consequences. Non-substance addiction provides an ideal model for researching the emergence and development of addiction's basic mechanism. Comparative studies of substance and non-substance addiction are helpful to rev...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-5562-1_6
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From these liver perfusions with Hb and Hb/HbNFPLP solutions the following conclusions can be drawn: In spite of the chemical modification of the hemoglobin molecule, no rheological differences are seen. All parameters measured were sensitive to hypoxia induced by a decrease in perfusion flow rate. The NFPLP-induced d...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3291-6_48
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The medium from cultured optic tectum of the goldfish intact or at various days after optic nerve crush, or the co-culture of this optic tectum with post-crush goldfish retinal explants plating in the absence of fetal calf serum, but in the presence of glucose, modulate its outgrowth. The a dition of taurine did not f...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-33504-9_49
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incredible success of vaccinations in contributing to public health is undeniable. In fact, vaccines are the most cost-effective public health tool for disease prevention because their cost is less than the combined costs of treatment, hospitalization, and time loss from work. However, despite the availability of ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-72005-0_44
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While microbial biofilms have been recognized as being ubiquitous in nature for the past 40 years, it has only been within the past 20 years that clinical practitioners have realized that biofilm play a significant role in both device-related and tissue-based infections. The global impact of surgical site infections (...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-11038-7_3
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by a wide variety of fungal species that contaminate food or feed. Fumonisins (FUM), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are examples of common mycotoxins in grains that have been shown to affect human and/or animal health. Physical, chemical and biological methods ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4853-9_16
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteomics involves large-scale comprehensive study of specific proteomes which have been widely used in the field of biomarker discovery, drug development, disease diagnosis and therapy. Comprehensive proteomics involve two or more proteomics approaches that are confirmatory, complementary, and/or synergistic. Obstru...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_32
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sprouting has been studied extensively using morphological markers, but relatively little is known regarding the molecular and biochemical events which underlie the sprouting response. Moreover, due to the lack of suitable markers, it has been difficult to examine changes in the major hippocampal pathways in animal le...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5769-8_47
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive use of antibiotics in both public health and animal husbandry has resulted in rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in almost all human pathogens, including biothreat pathogens. Antibiotic resistance has thus become a major concern for both public health and national security. We developed multiplexed ass...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-5913-3_51
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in the design of cochlear implants (CIs), as well as improved CI surgical techniques, have led to an increase in the number of patients who retain some residual low-frequency acoustic hearing in the implanted ear. Many of these patients also possess some hearing in the unimplanted ear. Although their low-freq...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-1590-9_28
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with the ability to differentiate into a variety of other connective tissue cells, such as chondral, bony, muscular, and tendon tissue. Bone marrow-derived MSCs are pluripotent cells that can differentiate among others into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocyt...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_16
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opioid receptors which are involved in cough generation are abundantly expressed in the brainstem. Codeine is a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist. In the present study we examined the effects of naloxone, a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, on mechanically-induced tracheobronchial cough and on the cough suppressing effect ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-4549-0_9
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a problematic, treatment-induced toxicity that has the potential to impact quality of life and limit the doses of curative intent therapy. This therapy-induced side effect is one of the most troublesome in oncology clinical practices, considering the morbidity, the ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-16366-6_6
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunohistochemical localizations of calcineurin subunits A (60 KDa) and B (20 KDa) were examined in a rat brain using subunit specific monoclonal antibodies. The immunoreactivity of the subunit A was abundant in the hippocampus, in the striatum, and in the thalamus, but weak in the neocortex. On the contrary, the imm...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5679-0_40
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multidrug-resistance (MDR), caused by overexpression of either P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or the multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP), is characterised by a decreased cellular drug accumulation. One form of MDR is the sequestration of the drug inside cytoplasmic vesicles followed by an a exocytotic and/or efflux pr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4811-9_17
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A substantial knowledge has been collected on the dose-dependent toxic effects of ethanol. Whereas ethanol probably is the chemical substance exerting most toxic effects in many populations, a quantitative estimate of the upper limit of long term safe consumption from a toxicological and public health standpoint has n...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-9038-5_26
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 is a membrane-bound surface ectopeptidase with a ubiquitous distribution. In hematopoiesis, APN/CD13 is expressed on stem cells and during most developmental stages of myeloid cells. Because APN/CD13 has been implicated in the trimming on the cell surface of peptides that protrude out of MH...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/0-306-46826-3_5
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
