Abstract：
:Photoprotective mechanisms have been evolved by photosynthetic organisms to cope with fluctuating high light conditions. One of these mechanisms downregulates photosynthesis by increasing thermal dissipation of the energy absorbed by the photosystem II antenna. While this process has been well studied in plants, the equivalent process in cyanobacteria was only recently discovered. In this chapter we describe the results leading to its discovery and the more recent advances in the elucidation of this mechanism. The light activation of a soluble carotenoid protein, the orange carotenoid protein (OCP), binding hydroxyechinenone, is the key inducer of this photoprotective mechanism. Light causes structural changes within both the carotenoid and the protein, leading to the conversion of an orange inactive form into a red active form. The activated red form induces an increase of energy dissipation leading to a decrease in the fluorescence of the phycobilisomes, the cyanobacterial antenna, and thus of the energy arriving to the reaction centers. The OCP, which senses light and triggers photoprotection, is a unique example of a photoactive protein containing a carotenoid as the photoresponsive chromophore.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Kirilovsky Ddoi
10.1007/978-1-4419-1528-3_9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
139-59eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
675pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven helical transmembrane proteins that mediate cell-to-cell communication. They also form the largest superfamily of drug targets. Hence detailed studies of the three dimensional structure and dynamics are critical to understanding the functional role of GPCRs in signal trans...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-7423-0_3
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular free sodium (Na+)o and calcium (Ca2+)o concentration changes were measured in the rat motor cortex, using ion-selective microelectrodes. During ionophoretic applications of excitatory amino acids, decreases in (Na2+)o and in (Ca2+)o were observed. Ca2+ signals were not or very little modified by applicat...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-7971-3_33
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chemical reactions of the amino group of taurine with aldehydes were investigated. Glucose, acetaldehyde, and malondialdehyde were used as aldehydes. After taurine had reacted, the amounts of remaining taurine and aldehydes were measured, and the reactivity was evaluated. Amino acids such as glycine, alpha-alanine...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-1471-2_8
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The olfactory system throughout the animal kingdom is characterized by a large number of highly specialized neuronal cell types. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the peripheral sensory epithelium display two main differentiation features: the selective expression of a single odorant receptor out of a large genomic...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-78261-4_6
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite decades of research, cancer metastasis remains an incompletely understood process that is as complex as it is devastating. In recent years, there has been an increasing push to investigate the biomechanical aspects of tumorigenesis, complementing the research on genetic and biochemical changes. In contrast to ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_20
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe an investigation into how Massey University's Pollen Classifynder can accelerate the understanding of pollen and its role in nature. The Classifynder is an imaging microscopy system that can locate, image and classify slide based pollen samples. Given the laboriousness of purely manual image acquisition an...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-10984-8_12
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process of natural selection favours germ-line gene segments that encode CDRs that have the ability to recognize a range of structurally related antigens. This presents an immunological advantage to the host, as it can confer protection against a common pathogen and still cope with new or changing antigens. Cross-...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2017_94
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cottage cheese whey protein concentrates, prepared by preconcentration by ultrafiltration followed by gel permeation to remove low molecular weight materials, have the solubility, stability and flavor that make them suitable for fortification of soft drinks and related products. These concentrates are characterized by...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3366-1_35
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The computational platform ENVIRONMENT, developed to simulate stochastically reaction systems in varying compartmentalized conditions [Mavelli and Ruiz-Mirazo: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 362:1789-1802, 2007; Physical Biology 7(3): 036002, 2010], is here applied to study the dynamic properties and stability of ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_70
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two-component systems (TCSs) are well conserved among E. coli strains, including pathogenic E. coli and also closely related Shigella spp. Although 25% of the genome of pathogenic E. coli is strain-specific, only small number of strain-specific TCSs is found. Regulation of virulence genes in response to environmental ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-78885-2_13
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA (miRNA), can produce heritable phenotypic changes without a change in DNA sequence. Disruption of gene expression patterns which are governed by epigenetics can result in autoimmune diseases, cancers, and various other maladies. M...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-3449-2_1
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Possible non-transmitter roles for 5-HT in different phases of early neuroembryogenesis have been discussed based upon experimental evidence from the rat and chick. Fluorescence histochemical studies have demonstrated sites of uptake and synthesis of 5-HT in the chick embryo during the first few days of incubation. Th...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3860-4_28
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to clarify the significance of the renal kallikrein(KAL)-kinin(KIN) system and prostaglandins (PG) in exaggerated natriuresis in essential hypertensives, the effect of acute sodium load on urinary KAL, KIN, PG, and renal water and sodium handling were investigated in normotensives (NT) and patients with essen...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-0154-8_42
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Besides mechanical and protective function, bone serves as a keeper for marrow cells and an organ for regulation of calcium ion homeostasis. During aging, significant amounts of the bone are lost due to the loss of this delicate balance toward increased bone resorption coupled with decreased formation, which leads to ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_12
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcriptional regulation is a pivotal process that confers cellular identity and modulates the biological activities within a cell. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the intricate interplay between transcription factors and their targets on the genomic template serves as building blocks for the transcriptional network...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7037-4_6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:C. elegans germline stem cells exist within a stem cell pool that is maintained by a single-celled mesenchymal niche and Notch signaling. Downstream of Notch signaling, a regulatory network governs stem cells and differentiation. Central to that network is the FBF RNA-binding protein, a member of the widely conserved ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_3
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed neural sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) conveyed in the temporal fine structure (TFS) of low-frequency sounds and ITDs conveyed in the temporal envelope of amplitude-modulated (AM'ed) high-frequency sounds. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we recorded brain activity to sounds in which t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-25474-6_21
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma patients should be considered not only in terms of the medical aspects, but also the nonmedical issues associated with the psychological domain, since these are factors that can significantly improve patients' health state, quality of life, and illness acceptance, and can contribute to the reduction of healthca...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2016_192
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The PI3K signalling pathway is crucial to normal B cell development and response to antigen. The p1108 catalytic subunit plays an important and non-redundant role within this pathway although other catalytic isoforms may also contribute. Although CD40, TLR and cytokines all activate PI3K the BCR seems especially depen...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-79311-5_5
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Identification of dendritic cells (DC) in human tissues has been technically problematic due to the lack of truly specific immunohistochemical markers for DC's. Human dendritic cells express CD1a glycoprotein at certain points in their life cycle. CD1a positive cells are present in many human tumours and have been ass...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-9966-8_92
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Permethylated N-trifluoroacetyl hexosamine containing oligosaccharide alditols are favorable for analysis by mass spectrometry. Electron impact and fast atom bombardment mass spectra of these derivatives are characterized by strong primary and secondary fragments in which a positive charge is localized on the N-triflu...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_35
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 1st International Conference on Oral Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome (OMIM) took place at the Avra Imperial Hotel, Chania, Crete, Greece, between 26th and 30th September 2018, under the auspices of the Aegean Conferences. This was the first Aegean Conference of its kind in thematic oral research, and a unique ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type：
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_1
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serine/threonine kinase Akt is a downstream effector of insulin receptor/PI3K pathway that is involved in many processes, including providing neuroprotection to stressed rod photoreceptor cells. Akt signaling is known to be regulated by the serine/threonine phosphatases, PHLPP (PH domain and leucine rich repeat protei...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_55
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate an unusually diverse set of substrates across cellular membranes. ABCA4, also known as ABCR, is a approximately 250 kDa single-chain ABC transporter localized to the disk margins of vertebrate photoreceptor outer s...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-5635-4_8
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single compartment model of the arterial circulation was used to generate an arterial blood pressure waveform from pre-determined stroke volume (SV) and arterial resistance (R). With fixed stroke volume and varying resistances blood pressure waveforms showed mean values proportional to resistance but amplitude lesse...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-74911-2_13
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that function as downstream effectors of cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling. The canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway involves the activation of Janus kinases (JAK) or growth factors receptor kinases, phos...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-4719-7_10
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gremlin is a member of the TGF-β superfamily that can act as a BMP antagonist, and recently, has been described as a ligand of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Gremlin shares properties with the Notch signaling pathway. Both participate in embryonic development and are reactivated in patholo...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_6
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The active components in cloves are eugenol and isoeugenol. Eugenol has recently become a focus of interest because of its potential role in alleviating and preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, inflammatory reactions, and other conditions. The radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities of eugenol have ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_3
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug resistance is a serious impediment to the treatment of cancer. The use of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody therapies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is guided by the presence of activating point mutations in KRAS and NRAS genes in the primary tumour. However, RAS wild...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-02771-1_9
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin is the main organ that covers the human body and acts as a protective barrier between the human body and the environment. Skin tissue as a stem cell source can be used for transplantation in therapeutic application in terms of its properties such as abundant, easy to access, high plasticity and high ability to re...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2019_380
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
