Abstract：
:Transcriptional regulation is a pivotal process that confers cellular identity and modulates the biological activities within a cell. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the intricate interplay between transcription factors and their targets on the genomic template serves as building blocks for the transcriptional network that governs self-renewal and pluripotency. At the heart of this complex network is the transcription factor trio, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, which constitute the ESC transcriptional core. Regulatory mechanisms such as autoregulatory and feedforward loops support the ESC transcriptional framework and serve as homeostatic control for ESC maintenance. Large-scale studies such as loss of function RNAi screens and transcriptome analysis have led to the identification of more players that support pluripotency. In addition, genome-wide localization studies of transcription factors have further unraveled the interconnectivity within the ESC transcriptional circuitry. Transcription factors also work in concert with epigenetic factors and together, this crosstalk between transcriptional and epigenetic regulation maintains the homeostasis of ESC. This chapter provides an overview of the significance of transcriptional regulation in ESC and traces the recent advances made in dissecting the ESC transcriptional regulatory network.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Heng JC,Ng HHdoi
10.1007/978-1-4419-7037-4_6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
76-91eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
695pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The dry antibiotic development pipeline coupled with the emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative 'superbugs' has driven the revival of the polymyxin lipopeptide antibiotics. Understanding the mode of action of antibiotics is an important precursor for optimizing their use and development. This chapter provides...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-16373-0_4
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary human and primate brain microvascular endothelial cells were tested for permissiveness to coronaviruses JHM and 229E. While sub-genomic viral RNAs could be detected up to 72 hours post-infection, primate cells were abortively infected and neither virus caused cytopathology. Human cells were non-permissive for ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_11
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies suggest biological functions of the iron-binding neutrophilic glycoprotein lactoferrin that imply an initial interaction with cells from the monocyte/macrophage family. Among these, an important role of lactoferrin as responsible for the inflammatory-induced blood hyposideremia and accumulation of iron...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-2548-6_10
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical imbalances, provoked by aging or a secondary illness, might directly affect the brain, causing severe problems, such as loss of memory or alteration of behavior patterns. Brain disorders are usually classified as injuries (such as stroke, hematomas, and concussions), tumors, and neurodegenerative (such as ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-90143-5_2
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major congenital anomalies are detectable in 2-3 % of the newborn population. Some of their genetic causes are attributable to copy number variations identified by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The value of aCGH screening as a first-tier test in children with multiple congenital anomalies has been st...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2016_235
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pertussis still represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although vaccination is the most powerful tool in preventing pertussis and despite nearly 70 years of universal childhood vaccination, incidence of the disease has been rising in the last two decades in countries with high vaccination cover...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2019_406
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interpretation of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation values (StO2) in clinical settings is currently complicated by the use of different near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) devices producing different StO2 values for the same oxygenation due to differences in the algorithms and technical aspects. The aim was to ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_52
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) is generally considered to be a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, recent studies indicate that it also plays a critical role in the development of an anti-inflammatory T cell subset called regulatory T (Treg) cells. Two NF-kB proteins, c-Rel and p65, drive the development of Tre...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-0106-3_12
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:IFN-gamma is the most effective principle responsible for IDO induction in human cells in vitro. Lymphocyte factors support the effect of other IFN species. Induction of IDO and influence of various factors on IDO is correlated to pteridine synthesis. Cooperative effects of several mediators may account for in vivo ob...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5952-4_55
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The existence of chemo brain has become almost universally accepted, although many details of the concept are controversial. Data about the different types of cognitive impairment and their duration are not always consistent in the literature. We still do not know which cytotoxic agents are responsible, which characte...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-6306-2_12
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression of functional proteins in heterologous hosts is a core technique of modern biotechnology. The transfer to a suitable expression system is not always achieved easily because of several reasons: genes from different origins might contain codons that are rarely used in the desired host or even bear noncano...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-75532-8_5
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of adjuvanticity in the modification of the immune induction was studied by separate application of antigen and adjuvant in mice. An antigen specific plaque forming cell (PFC) test and a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) assay were used for these studies. Antigen (SRBC) and adjuvant were applied separately ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-2463-8_57
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Langmuir trough approach to the study of the physical properties of an in vitro system representing the natural tear lipid-aqueous interface gives useful information on the effect produced by changes of composition of both phases. We found that variations of the composition of the lipid mixture affect more strongl...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_58
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies emphasize the role of chronic hypoxia in the kidney as a final common pathway to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hypoxia of tubular cells leads to apoptosis or epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation. This in turn exacerbates fibrosis of the kidney with loss of peritubular capillaries and subsequent...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-75434-5_7
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of audiovisual stimulation on the temporal patterns of V(T), T(I), T(E) were studied in 11 healthy subjects. 75 datasets of steady-state breathing each of eight minutes in duration were obtained during low wakefulness (lying still, eyes closed), low wakefulness with calibrated thermal pain stimulation and ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_83
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optical label-free porous Si-based biosensors for rapid bacteria detection are introduced. The biosensors are designed to directly capture the target bacteria cells onto their surface with no prior sample processing (such as cell lysis). Two types of nanostructured optical transducers based on oxidized porous Si (PSiO...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-2555-3_4
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Energy consumption in the cardiac muscle is characterized by two basic phenomena: 1) The well known linear relationship between energy consumption by the sarcomere and the mechanical energy it generates, and 2) the ability to modulate the generated mechanical energy and energy consumption to the various loading condit...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-5959-7_7
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suppressor monocytes have been found in a number of human diseases most of which are associated with lymphopenia and deficiences in cell mediated immunity. In our studies both quantitative and qualitative differences in monocytes were detected in certain patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease or tuberculosis. In cer...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-8914-9_27
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The selective translation of maternal mRNAs encoding cell-fate determinants drives the earliest decisions of embryogenesis that establish the vertebrate body plan. This chapter will discuss studies in Xenopus laevis that provide insights into mechanisms underlying this translational control. Xenopus has been a powerfu...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_2
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular changes in immune cells lead to metabolic dysfunction, which is termed immunometabolism. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of aging; this phenomenon is described as inflamm-aging. Immunometabolism and inflamm-aging are closely linked to obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-1286-1_9
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the main catalytic and structural molecules within living systems, proteins are the most likely biomolecules to be affected by radiation exposure. Proteomics, the comprehensive characterization of proteins within complex biological samples, is therefore a research approach ideally suited to assess the effects of ra...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-5896-4_1
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were studied in 561 survivors of low birth weight infants (LBWIs) weighing under 2,000g. They were the survivors out of 604 LBWIs admitted to Okayama National Hospital during the five years from January 1981 to December 1985. The tcPO2 of all the LBWIs on ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-1927-6_19
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemotherapy is one of the frontline treatments for cancer patients, but the toxic side effects limit its effectiveness and potential. The goal of drug delivery is to reduce these side effects by encapsulating the drugs in a carrier which prevents release and can circulate throughout the body causing minimal damage to...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-2555-3_14
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oral microbiota represents an important part of the human microbiota, and includes several hundred to several thousand diverse species. It is a normal part of the oral cavity and has an important function to protect against colonization of extrinsic bacteria which could affect systemic health. On the other hand, t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4_4
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors are cytosoluble proteins detectable in a variety of tissues responsive to 1,25(OH)2D3. They are DNA binding-proteins analogous to other steroid receptors and it is this functional property which is likely involved in the activation of hormone-sensitive genes. Utilizing 1,25(OH)2D3 an...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5101-6_25
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence and significance of tumor hypoxia has been recognized since the 1950's. Hypoxic cells in vitro and in animal tumors in vivo are documented to be three times more resistant to radiation-induced killing compared to aerobic cells. There is now evidence that tumor hypoxia is treatment-limiting in many human c...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-5865-1_26
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1) An extract of D. carrota induces agglutination of most serotypes of S. mutans but not of S. salivarius or S. mitis. 2) If added to a suspension of mixed bacteria, a piece of D. carrota may selectively sorb S. mutans while S. salivarius and S. mitis only are affected to a minor degree. 3) A saliva coat on the bacter...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3369-2_37
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many fields such as data mining, machine learning, pattern recognition and signal processing, data sets containing huge number of features are often involved. Feature selection is an essential data preprocessing technique for such high-dimensional data classification tasks. Traditional dimensionality reduction appr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_10
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our knowledge of plant sphingolipid metabolism and function has significantly increased over the past years. This applies mainly to the identification and the functional characterization of genes and enzymes involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis. In addition a number of plant mutants have provided new insights into sp...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-6741-1_18
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Signaling in tenocytes during development, homeostasis and injury involves multiple and redundant pathways. Given that tendons transmit mechanical forces from muscle to bone to effect movement, a key function for tenocytes is the detection of and response to mechanical stimulation. Mechanotransduction involves matrix-...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_7
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
