Abstract:
:Detergent solubilized bacteriorhodopsin (BR) proteins which contain alterations made by site-directed mutagenesis (Asp-96----Asn, D96N; Asp-85----Asn, D85N; and Arg-82----Gln, R82Q) have been studied with resonance Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra of the light-adapted (BRLA) and M species in D96N are identical to those of native BR, indicating that this residue is not located near the chromophore. The BRLA states of D85N and especially R82Q contain more of the 13-cis, C = N syn (BR555) species under ambient illumination compared to solubilized native BR. Replacement of Asp-85 with Asn causes a 25 nm red-shift of the absorption maximum and a frequency decrease in both the ethylenic (-7 cm-1) and the Schiff base C = NH+ (-3 cm-1) stretching modes of BRLA. These changes indicate that Asp-85 is located close to the protonated retinal Schiff base. The BRLA spectrum of R82Q exhibits a slight perturbation of the C = NH+ band, but its M spectrum is unperturbed. The Raman spectra and the absorption properties of D85N and R82Q suggest that the protein counterion environment involves the residues Asp-85-, Arg-82+ and presumably Asp-212-. These data are consistent with a model where the strength of the protein-chromophore interaction and hence the absorption maximum depends on the overall charge of the Schiff base counterion environment.
journal_name
Photochem Photobioljournal_title
Photochemistry and photobiologyauthors
Lin SW,Fodor SP,Miercke LJ,Shand RF,Betlach MC,Stroud RM,Mathies RAdoi
10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb03638.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-03-01 00:00:00pages
341-6issue
3eissn
0031-8655issn
1751-1097journal_volume
53pub_type
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