Abstract：
:Data have been presented to document that the human newborn is a conditionable organism. Babies in the first days of life possess sensitivity to stimulation in all sensory modalities, an unconditioned repertoire of responses to some of these sensory stimuli, and a capacity for associating simultaneously presented stimuli. Thus a perceived but previously neutral stimulus with respect to the elicitation of some particular behavior can itself become an effective stimulus through paired associations with an effective stimulus, and may now produce a response similar to the initially effective stimulus. For such a phenomenon to occur, the organism must be capable of remembering. The duration of memory is empirically demonstrable through probes or tests with the neutral stimulus, at various time intervals following the last experience of the pairing. Besides engaging in classical conditioning involving transfer of elicitability from an effective stimulus to a previously ineffective stimulus (or its converse, as in extinction), demonstrating that human newborns do learn, babies are also demonstrably capable habituators. They exhibit diminution of response intensity or frequency to repetitively presented, and particularly closely spaced and essentially innocuous, stimuli. Newborns also exhibit generalized sensitization to stimulation such that, when neonates are aroused, stimuli will nondiscriminatively elicit behaviors. It is thus important that appropriate controls for nonconditioning processes, which may also involve change in behavior through experience, be included in any demonstrations that purport to show the conditionability of the newborn.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Lipsitt LPdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48894.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-01-01 00:00:00pages
113-23; discussion 123-7eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
608pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The cardiac myofilaments consist of a highly ordered assembly of proteins that collectively generate force in a calcium-dependent manner. Defects in myofilament function and its regulation have been implicated in various forms of acquired and inherited human heart disease. For example, during cardiac ischemia, cardiac...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1380.033
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abstract：:Over the past 10 years, the continual discovery of novel forms of encephalitis associated with antibodies to cell-surface or synaptic proteins has changed the paradigms for diagnosing and treating disorders that were previously unknown or mischaracterized. We review here the process of discovery, the symptoms, and the...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nyas.12553
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meter is considered an important structuring mechanism in the perception and experience of rhythm in music. Combining behavioral and electrophysiological measures, in the present study we investigate whether meter is more likely a learned phenomenon, possibly a result of musical expertise, or whether sensitivity to me...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06566.x
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb17346.x
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nyas.13974
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb27227.x
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05743.x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-59259-298-2_9
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03733.x
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A sensitive, accurate, and simple method, called shifted termination assay (STA), was developed for detection of genetic mutations. The STA technology can be used to detect genetic mutations in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified samples of tissue, and plasma and serum that include circulating DNA containing poi...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The DNase activity and circulating DNA (cirDNA) concentration in blood plasma of healthy donors, patients with chronic prostatitis, and patients with prostate tumors were analyzed. The concentration of the cirDNA from plasma was determined by PicoGreen fluorescent assay. DNase activity in blood was measured using the ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human germ-cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Based on epidemiology, anatomical site of presentation, histology, chromosomal constitution, and pattern of genomic imprinting, GCTs are classified into five entities. Within the testis, three types of GCTs can be diagnosed: type I (teratomas and yo...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Artificial neural network (ANN) technology is finding increasing application in medicine and biomedical engineering. This paper supplies necessary background in ANN technology for researchers unfamiliar with this rapidly emerging discipline. This introduction to ANN application is cast in the context of epileptic seiz...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04907.x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08516.x
更新日期：1999-06-18 00:00:00
