Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:To examine the trends of out-of-pocket expenditure for influenza during 1989-2006 in China. METHODS:Data were extracted from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) during 1989-2006 (in seven waves). A fixed effect model with robust standard errors was employed to examine trends of out-of-pocket expenditure (adjusted to 2006 Chinese RMB). RESULTS:The out-of-pocket expenditure increased from 11.92 RMB in 1989 to 50.75 RMB in 2006. The final sample for fixed effect model was 23,050 households. Income elasticity of out-of-pocket expenditure was 1.6%. Using 1989 as reference, the predicted increase was 242.23% [95% confidence interval (CI): 225.79-259.50%] in 2006; it was 143.54% in city hospitals [95% CI: 130.43-157.40%] compared to village clinics. CONCLUSIONS:Adjusted for inflation and income elasticity, Chinese households experienced an increase of more than double the out-of-pocket expenditure during 1989-2006. The expenditure was higher in higher-level facilities. Policy implications include the government fixed-budget financing to health providers could contribute to the rapidly increased financial burden; a referral system should be rebuilt; private health providers may play an important role in containing healthcare price in China.
journal_name
Int J Public Healthjournal_title
International journal of public healthauthors
Liu J,Shi L,Khan M,Xu L,Wang Ldoi
10.1007/s00038-011-0251-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-01 00:00:00pages
193-8issue
1eissn
1661-8556issn
1661-8564journal_volume
57pub_type
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