Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:We examined interconnections among runaway and homeless youths (RHYs) and how aggregated network structure position was associated with HIV risk in this population. METHODS:We collected individual and social network data from 136 RHYs. On the basis of these data, we generated a sociomatrix, accomplished network visualization with a "spring embedder," and examined k-cores. We used multivariate logistic regression models to assess associations between peripheral and nonperipheral network position and recent unprotected sexual intercourse. RESULTS:Small numbers of nominations at the individual level aggregated into a large social network with a visible core, periphery, and small clusters. Female youths were more likely to be in the core, as were youths who had been homeless for 2 years or more. Youths at the periphery were less likely to report unprotected intercourse and had been homeless for a shorter duration. CONCLUSIONS:HIV risk was a function of risk-taking youths' connections with one another and was associated with position in the overall network structure. Social network-based prevention programs, young women's housing and health programs, and housing-first programs for peripheral youths could be effective strategies for preventing HIV among this population.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Rice E,Barman-Adhikari A,Milburn NG,Monro Wdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2011.300295subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
141-7issue
1eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
AJPH.2011.300295journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This paper uses claims data from a universal health care system to describe physicians' hospitalization styles after adjusting for case-mix characteristics of their primary patients. Patients were uniquely assigned to that physician (general or family practitioners, internist, general surgeon, or obstetrician/gynecolo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.1.45
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 100 years ago, public health began as an organized discipline, its purpose being to improve the health of populations rather than of individuals. Given its population-based focus, however, public health perennially faces dilemmas concerning the appropriate extent of its reach and whether its activities infri...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1776
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potable drinking water is essential to public health; however, few studies have investigated income or racial disparities in water infrastructure or drinking water quality. There were many case reports documenting a lack of piped water or serious water quality problems in low income and minority communities, including...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300189
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to provide an empirical description, based on a review of visit audiotapes, of primary care practice with chronic-disease patients. METHODS:We analyzed 439 interactions between adult patients with chronic disease and 49 physicians. We explored the content, frequency, intensity, and d...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.7.979
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This prospective study examined the effect of tobacco marketing on progression to established smoking. METHODS:Massachusetts adolescents (n = 529) who at baseline had smoked no more than 1 cigarette were reinterviewed by telephone in 1997. Analyses examined the effect of receptivity to tobacco marketing at ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.3.407
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hookah use is gaining popularity nationwide. We determined the correlates and trends for hookah use from the California Tobacco Survey. Between 2005 and 2008 hookah use increased more than 40%, and in 2008, 24.5% of young men reported ever using a hookah. Hookah use was more common among the young (18-24 years), the e...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300196
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This analysis compares the rates of spontaneous abortion among women living in the vicinity of a lead smelter with those of women living in a town where blood lead levels were low. Data derive from the obstetric histories of both groups of women obtained while seeking prenatal care for a later pregnancy. A total of 63...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.1.33
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the effects of age error on use of weight-for-age and height-for-age for assessing and screening malnutrition, and for identifying factors of malnutrition in 679 children aged 22-59 months in Companiganj, in rural Bangladesh. Overreporting and random error in age and correlation of age error with each of the...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.3.280
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a large scale program to improve health care for high-risk adolescents. Seven clinics, funded to provide comprehensive primary care to adolescents, were compared to three non-funded clinics. The majority of the 2,788 adolescent patients sampled in these clinics ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.8.999
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to identify behaviors associated with change in body mass index or with weight gain at the waist. METHODS:A cohort of 79236 White, non-Hispanic, healthy adults was questioned in 1982 and 1992 about diet and 10 physical activities. Estimates were made of the mean effects of stab...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.5.747
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups. METHODS:We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303661
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effects of improved indoor environmental quality (IEQ) on perceived health and productivity in occupants who moved from conventional to green (according to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design ratings) office buildings. In 2 retrospective-prospective case studies we found that improved IEQ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.180687
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate a multicultural smoking prevention curriculum, 16 schools were randomized to receive the multicultural curriculum or a standard curriculum and program effects on 1-year smoking initiation among 1430 never smokers were assessed. Hispanic boys who received the multicultural curriculum were less likely to ini...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.2.263
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nation-wide survey of Parent-Inclusive Pediatric Units identified innovations and restrictions in policies and practices. Questionnaires mailed to Directors of Nursing Service at 84 general hospitals which encourage parental "living-in" indicated that parents are provided with a place to sleep but infrequently are o...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.68.9.847
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational lead poisoning and environmental contamination were evaluated at a lead scrap smelter. Thirty of 37 employees (81 per cent) has blood lead levels of greater than or equal to 80 mug/100 ml, indicating unacceptable absorption, and 35 had free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) levels greater than 60mug/100ml ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.66.6.548
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Belmont Report principles focus on the well-being of the research subject, yet community-engaged investigators often eschew the role of subject for that of participant. We conducted semistructured interviews with 29 community and academic investigators working on 10 community-engaged studies. Interviews elicited persp...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302403
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We performed a case-control study to determine if participants with herpes zoster had fewer contacts with persons with varicella or zoster, and with young children, to explore the hypothesis that exposure to persons with varicella zoster virus (VZV) results in "immune boosting." METHODS:Participants were pa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.160002
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the relationship of sociodemographic factors and use of substances other than cocaine to cocaine use from 1987 to 1992 in a cohort of Black and White men and women 20 to 32 years of age. METHODS:Data were collected as part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Se...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.12.1736
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the joint associations of marital status and duration of cohabitation on self-reported intimate partner violence, substance use, and postpartum depression among childbearing women. METHODS:We analyzed data from the 2006-2007 Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey, a cross-sectional nationwide sam...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301116
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the association between telomere length and prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) in 104 children aged 4 to 14 years. Salivary telomere length (STL) was determined from salivary DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Of the children, 18% had maternal reported PTE. Mean STL was significantly lower amon...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301208
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unusual resistance of the "unconventional viruses" to inactivation by the commonly used disinfectants has led to a high degree of apprehension regarding patients with any form of dementia. The rapid adaptation of a newly acquired isolate of the agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) to mice made possible this la...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.6.661
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "rediscovery" of poverty, as echoed in concepts of social inequality, has contributed to the goal of eliminating racial/ethnic and social class disparities in the United States. This commentary focuses on what we know about the pressing health care needs and issues relevant to Latino children and families and how ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.12.1827
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many people (40 per cent) receive each year some personal health service provided by local health departments. A substantial number of poor children (50 per cent) look to public agencies including health departments for all or part of their medical care. A number of departments including those represented in this stud...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.1_suppl.15
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interview data from a three-wave panel study of the impact of the residential environment upon the psychological well-being of 337 minority women were used to examine the effects of household infestation upon self-reported depression, phobic anxiety, somatization, hostility, and anomia. The findings of cross-sectional...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.11.1303
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several Latin American countries are implementing a suite of so-called "postneoliberal" social and political economic policies to counter neoliberal models that emerged in the 1980s. This article considers the influence of postneoliberalism on public health discourses, policies, institutions, and practices in Bolivia,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303470
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The National AIDS Behavioral Survey (1990-1992) of heterosexual adults (18-49 years) measured human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factors, condom use, and HIV antibody testing, with a focus on major "high-risk" cities. METHODS:A longitudinal survey was conducted. RESULTS:There was little reduction in t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.11.1492
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used data from the National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) project to compare birthweights and birthweight-specific mortality risks among Native American and White infants. Because race categories in NIMS were limited to White, Black, and all, we studied six states in which greater than 85 per cent of newborn...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.5.499
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality of Connecticut firemen and policemen is studied for the years 1960-78, using death certificate data. The mortality of these two occupations is expected to be greater than that of other workers. Standardized Mortality Odds Ratios for firemen and policemen are greater than 1.00. Al...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.9.1140
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty-nine per cent of 1,900 randomly selected adult Health Plan members received one or more tetanus injections during a 10-year period of continuous eligibility. Age-specific immunization rates decreased from 47 per cent for 20-39 year olds to 28 per cent for those over age 70. Nearly half of the elderly, age 60+, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.8.841
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study was undertaken to examine popular press reports of the association between alcohol and breast cancer. METHODS:Articles from scientific journals and stories from newspapers and magazines published from January 1, 1985, to July 1, 1992, were retrieved from six on-line databases. Lay press stories w...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.8_pt_1.1082
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00