Abstract:
:Accelerated atherosclerosis occurs in patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia and familial hypercholesterolemia. These genetic disorders focus attention on specific types of lipoproteins as being responsible for the development of accelerated coronary artery heart disease. The accumulation of chylomicron remnants of intestinal origin and of VLDL remnants or IDL of hepatic origin observed in type III hyperlipoproteinemia appears to correlate with coronary disease. The presence of defective forms of apo E prevents normal receptor-mediated catabolism of these lipoproteins. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have an elevation of plasma LDL (and to a lesser extent an increase in VLDL remnants and IDL) secondary to defective LDL receptors that impair normal catabolism. Familial defective apo B100 is secondary to an abnormality of apo B100 that prevents the normal interaction of LDL with the LDL receptor and increases plasma LDL. However, it has not yet been established that familial defective apo B100 predisposes affected individuals to accelerated atherosclerosis. Animals fed diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol have an accumulation of beta-VLDL, IDL, and LDL that resembles the changes in lipoproteins observed in patients with these genetic disorders. Macrophages (which are presumably derived from circulating monocytes) have emerged as a likely key component in atherogenesis because they appear to be progenitors of foam cells in arterial lesions. Macrophages in the arterial wall express receptors that recognize chylomicron remnants and VLDL remnants (beta-VLDL) and chemically modified LDL. Thus, in the presence of these specific lipoproteins, macrophages are converted to cells that resemble foam cells. The precise stimulus that causes monocyte-derived macrophages to enter specific regions of the arterial wall remains to be determined.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Weisgraber KH,Innerarity TL,Rall SC Jr,Mahley RWdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42274.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-01-01 00:00:00pages
37-48eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
598pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects of 15 patients with Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of the General Hospital of Sitia (southeastern Crete, Greece) between December 2000 and July 2003, were studied. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical signs a...
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