Abstract：
:The radioprotective effect of extracellular melanin, a naturally occurring pigment, isolated from the fungus Gliocephalotrichum simplex was examined in BALB/C mice, and the probable mechanism of action was established. At an effective dose of 50mg/kg body weight, melanin exhibited both prophylactic and mitigative activities, increasing the 30-day survival of mice by 100% and 60%, respectively, after exposure to radiation (7Gy, whole body irradiation (WBI)). The protective activity of melanin was primarily due to inhibition of radiation-induced hematopoietic damages as evidenced by improvement in spleen parameters such as index, total cellularity, endogenous colony forming units, and maintenance of circulatory white blood cells and platelet counts. Melanin also reversed the radiation-induced decrease in ERK phosphorylation in splenic tissue, which may be the key feature in its radioprotective action. Additionally, our results indicated that the sustained activation of AKT, JNK and P38 proteins in splenic tissue of melanin pre-treated group may also play a secondary role. This was also supported by the fact that melanin could prevent apoptosis in splenic tissue by decreasing BAX/Bcl-XL ratio, and increasing the expressions of the proliferation markers (PCNA and Cyclin D1), compared to the radiation control group. Melanin also reduced the oxidative stress in hepatic tissue and abrogated immune imbalance by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL6 and TNFα). In conclusion, our results confirmed that fungal melanin is a very effective radioprotector against WBI and the probable mechanisms of radioprotection are due to modulation in pro-survival (ERK) signaling, prevention of oxidative stress and immunomodulation.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Kunwar A,Adhikary B,Jayakumar S,Barik A,Chattopadhyay S,Raghukumar S,Priyadarsini KIdoi
10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-10-15 00:00:00pages
202-11issue
2eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(12)00343-2journal_volume
264pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Differential induction of hepatic cytochromes P450 by 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PENCB) has been observed in the rat and the guinea pig: (1) in rat and guinea pig, treatment with the chosen dose levels resulted in significant induction of total, carbon monoxide-discernible cytochrome P450 content; the absorption...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(91)90271-f
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(92)90129-g
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylmercury (MeHg) causes a multiphasic disruption of intraneuronal cation regulation. Release of Ca2+ from internal stores and entry of extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+e) contribute to the temporally distinct early (first Ca2+ phase) and late (second Ca2+ phase) components of increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1236
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1158
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.004
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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更新日期：2014-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2014.02.013
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90395-3
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.09.005
更新日期：2012-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(83)90186-2
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.115167
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
