Abstract:
:The length distributions of single fibrils of Coalinga, UICC-B and wet dispersed chrysotile were measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the distributions significantly diverged above approximately 10 μm (μm) in length, corresponding to differences in published results of animal experiments. This result is in contrast to published data in which counting of an insufficient number of fibers resulted in an erroneous conclusion that the length distribution of Coalinga chrysotile fibrils was indistinguishable from those of other sources of chrysotile. The size distributions of the respirable particle size fractions from acknowledged tremolite asbestos samples were found to be dominated by elongate particles longer than 5 μm that are within the dimensional range of non-asbestiform amphiboles. Prior studies have shown that these elongate particles obscure a correlation between a specific size range of particles and results of animal implantation studies that used tremolite of various morphologies. In the prior studies, a reference protocol was developed from four crushed non-asbestiform amphiboles to differentiate the size range of amphibole particles that correlates with the mesothelioma frequencies observed in the animal studies. In the work reported here, this correlation was tested with TEM analyses of amphiboles from Libby, MT, Sparta, NJ and Homestake mine, Lead, SD, which represent known environmental/occupational situations. Further TEM analyses of the tremolite samples used in the original animal implantation studies have also shown that the numbers of elongate tremolite particles with lengths ≤5 μm implanted into the animals are not correlated with the observed mesothelioma frequencies.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Chatfield EJdoi
10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-15 00:00:00pages
36-46eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(18)30376-4journal_volume
361pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To provide insights into the mode of action for Ni3S2 lung carcinogenicity by examining gene expression changes in target cells after inhalation exposure. METHODS:Gene expression changes were determined in micro-dissected lung broncho-alveolar cells from Fischer 344 rats following inhalation of Ni3S2 at 0.0,...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.007
更新日期:2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, SM] is a well-known DNA-damaging agent that has been used in chemical warfare since World War I, and is a weapon that could potentially be used in a terrorist attack on a civilian population. Dermal exposure to high concentrations of SM produces severe, long-lasting burns. To...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.010
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::During postnatal skeletal growth, adaptation to mechanical loading leads to cellular activities at the growth plate. It has recently become evident that bone forming and bone resorbing cells are affected by the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor imatinib mesylate (STI571, Gleevec®). Imatinib targets PDGF, ABL-re...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.019
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a central mediator of immunotoxicity that is associated with exposure to the trichothecene vomitoxin (VT). The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that the inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolites contribute to VT-induced IL-6 upregulation. VT at 100 to 250 ng...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(02)00033-9
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The industrial solvent ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) is a known teratogen that has been reported to alter calcium metabolism in guinea pigs during chronic exposure. Because of the tremendous demand of reproduction on maternal calcium stores, the effects of EGME on calcium and vitamin D metabolism during gest...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(86)90050-5
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron tetrakis (N-methyl-4'-pyridyl) porphyrinato (FeTMPyP) has been demonstrated to be a potent scavenger of reactive oxygens and to have antiinflammatory activities. However, the effects of FeTMPyP on the function of T cells have not been illustrated. The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment of ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(02)00044-3
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study the promoting activity of various PCB and PBB isomers and congeners in rat liver has been studied and compared with a variety of primary xenobiotic-mediated enzymatic changes in this target organ. Female Wistar rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 10 mg/kg body wt for 10 days) and were subsequ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90250-i
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic inhalation of high concentrations of respirable quartz particles has been implicated in various lung diseases including lung fibrosis and cancer. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is considered a major mechanism of quartz toxicity. Curcumin, a yellow pigment from Curcuma longa, h...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.002
更新日期:2008-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::A liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was employed to identify endogenous metabolites as potential biomarkers for thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury. TAA (10 and 30mg/kg), a well-known hepatotoxic agent, was administered daily to male Sprague-Dawley (SD)...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.016
更新日期:2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the capacity of cultured whole rat embryos to convert 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to reactive metabolites capable of eliciting dysmorphogenic effects in the same embryos. Cultured embryos (Sprague-Dawley) were exposed to AAF for periods of 2 or 24 hr, after which metabolites were isolated from the...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(85)90424-7
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, some of which may be neurotoxic. In vitro studies from this laboratory indicated that noncoplanar PCBs perturbed intracellular signal transduction mechanisms including Ca2+ homeostasis, receptor-mediated inositol phosphate production, and tran...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8533
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolism of BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) is requisite for its pneumotoxic activities. Previous evidence using microsomal preparations from livers and lungs of mice indicated that cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of a tertbutyl group to form 6-tert-butyl-2-(hydroxy-tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol (BHTOH) ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1993.1219
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anti-HIV drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is the drug of choice for preventing maternal-fetal HIV transmission during pregnancy. Our aim was to assess the cytotoxic effects of AZT on human placenta in vitro. The mechanisms of AZT-induced effects were investigated using JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells and primary ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00274-6
更新日期:2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::L-Tryptophan binds to a rat liver nuclear envelope protein, and this binding is saturable, stereospecific, and of high affinity. Utilizing an in vitro assay of [3H]tryptophan binding to rat hepatic nuclear envelopes, we have previously determined that the L-tryptophan obtained from Showa Denko and which was implicated...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1096
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transplacental crossover of 14C-2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB) from the maternal circulation to the fetal side of the placenta was examined in intact fetuses and following the in situ perfusion of the guinea pig placenta. Fetal, late pregnant, and nonpregnant female guinea pig lipoprotein profiles and th...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(88)90241-4
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This pilot study was designed to assess whether a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor has anti-inflammatory properties in mild asthma. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been shown to be an important cytokine in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammatory responses, and its release can be i...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biochemical and biological behavior of methylmercury (MeHg) was investigated by measurement of MeHg release rate from erythrocytes (RBC) of selected animal strains and species, by measurement of the intracellular distribution of MeHg in RBC, and by measurement of the binding affinity of hemoglobin (Hb) for MeHg. M...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(83)90264-8
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trimethyltin (TMT) is a neurotoxicant known to alter auditory function. The present study was designed to compare TMT-induced auditory dysfunction using behavioral, electrophysiological, and anatomical techniques. Adult male Long-Evans hooded rats (n = 9-12/group) were acutely exposed to saline, 3, 5, or 7 mg/kg TMT. ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90364-z
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male, English smooth haired guinea pigs were exposed to thermal decomposition products, i.e., smoke, generated by heating Douglas fir in an open system. Various amounts of Douglas fir were placed in a furnace, at room temperature, and heated at a rate of 11 degrees C/min until completely decomposed. Major decompositio...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90077-2
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated rat lymphocytes in salts-glucose medium (pH 7.2) were incubated with nickel chloride, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate, and a soluble form of nickel subsulfide (0-2 mM) at 37 degrees C for 2 h. The soluble form of nickel subsulfide induced a significant increase in DNA-protein crosslinks (DPXLs) (111%) beginnin...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2000.9097
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thiocyanate anions (SCN-) as the end products of tobacco smoke and found in the blood of cigarette smokers have been implicated in atherogenesis and heart diseases. Magnesium deficiency has also been implicated in the etiology of atherogenesis. The contractile responses of rat aorta to SCN- and the modulation of extra...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1999.8666
更新日期:1999-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is teratogenic in mice, inducing cleft palate and hydronephrosis at doses which are not overtly maternally toxic or embryotoxic. After TCDD exposure the palatal shelves of normal size come into contact, but fail to fuse due to altered differentiation of the medial epithelial ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90337-t
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenylurea compound EDU (N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolindinyl)ethyl]-N'-phenylurea) has been shown to protect plants from the damaging effects of ozone exposure. Models of rat lung injury, based on acute exposure to 2 ppm ozone for 3 hr and on exposure to 0.85 ppm ozone for 2 days, were used to determine whether EDU pret...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(89)90089-6
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Published toxicology data on chitosan nanoparticles (NP) often lack direct correlation to the in situ size and surface characteristics of the nanoparticles, and the repeated NP assaults as experienced in chronic use. The aim of this paper was to breach these gaps. Chitosan nanoparticles synthesized by spinning disc pr...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.037
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium is a widespread environmental contaminant present in food. The absorption in the intestine increases in individuals with low iron stores, but the effect of zinc deficiency is not clear. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of iron and zinc status on cadmium accumulation in pregnant Banglade...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.04.009
更新日期:2007-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse which causes neurotoxicity and increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. We previously found that METH induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression in neurons and glial cells, and this offers partial protection against METH toxicity. In this study, we investigated t...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.036
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, have decreased tissue GSH. We previously showed that Gclm-/- embryos have increased sensitivity to the prenatal in vivo ovarian toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.024
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicokinetics of deltamethrin and its metabolite 4'-HO-deltamethrin after single doses of 26 mg of deltamethrin/kg (oral) or 1.2 mg of deltamethrin/kg (intravenous) were studied in male Wistar rats. Serial blood samples were obtained after oral and intravenous administration. Brain, vas deferens, and anococcygeus...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0254
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chelating agents commonly used in therapy of heavy metal intoxication alter the levels of essential metals in liver, kidneys, and serum. Induction of metallothionein synthesis in liver occurs following exposure to a variety of chemical and environmental insults and, in some cases, has been attributed to enhanced hepat...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(85)90391-6
更新日期:1985-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) treatment has been shown to increase hepatic glutathione (GSH) content in rats and mice. Subsequent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that hepatic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity is increased in mice treated with dietary BHA. To test whether thi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1101
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00