Abstract：
:The possibility that acetaldehyde accumulation potentiates the acute toxicity of ethanol was studied by pretreating rats with cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor. At 30 min after administration of ethanol (7 to 9 g/kg, po), the levels of acetaldehyde in femoral venous blood of cyanamide-treated rats were increased from 10 to 20 to 600 mumol/liter and at death the concentrations of acetaldehyde in heart blood and cerebrospinal fluid were still 7 to 9 and 4 to 9 times higher, respectively, than in rats given ethanol only. The cyanamide pretreatment (25 mg/kg) significantly increased the mortality of rats given 6.5 to 7.0 g/kg ethanol and decreased the LD50 of ethanol from 7.3 to 5.9 g/kg. Cyanamide increased the late mortality, possibly because of sustained acetaldehyde accumulation. Although administration of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP, 10 mg/kg), prevented the accumulation of acetaldehyde, it only partly counteracted the effect of cyanamide on mortality. After coadministration of cyanamide and 4-MP, the LD50 of ethanol was 6.5 g/kg, and after 4-MP alone, 6.7 g/kg. 4-MP by itself seemed to increase the early mortality of rats to ethanol poisoning. The results suggest that the potentiating effect of cyanamide on ethanol toxicity can partly be explained by acetaldehyde accumulation and that 4-MP can be used to inhibit this accumulation providing its central depressant effect is taken into account.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Hillbom ME,Sarviharju MS,Lindros KOdoi
10.1016/0041-008x(83)90186-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-08-01 00:00:00pages
133-9issue
1eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
0041-008X(83)90186-2journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Epidemiological studies have shown an association between elevated levels of particulate matter air pollution and increased morbidity and hospital visits in asthmatics. Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a primary combustion particle containing sulfate and metals such as vanadium, nickel, and iron. In this study the effec...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1999.8709
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the chemical species and concentration of selenium (Se) in diets on the concentrations of Se in hair, blood serum, red blood cells (RBCs), and urine were studied to gain an insight into the toxicological and nutritional significance of different chemical forms of Se. Male Wistar rats were fed an Se-defi...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1998.8537
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has shown that intraperitoneal injection of the solvent pyridine results in a dose- and time-dependent induction of hepatic P450IIE1 in rats, with a twofold increase observed at 6 hr post-treatment. However, inhalation is the primary route of exposure expected for humans exposed to pyridine in labora...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1993.1014
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many neuropathologies activated microglia and macrophages cause neurotoxicity and prolong the inflammatory response. We have previously characterized the glycosphingolipid Neurostatin (Nst), which potentially reduces these detrimental mechanisms. Nst, isolated from mammalian brain, is the GD1b ganglioside with O-ac...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2019.114627
更新日期：2019-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrogen mustard is a vesicant that causes damage to the respiratory tract. In these studies, we characterized the acute effects of nitrogen mustard on lung structure, inflammatory mediator expression, and pulmonary function, with the goal of identifying mediators potentially involved in toxicity. Treatment of rats (m...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2010.09.016
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Fluorescent Cell Chip for in vitro immunotoxicity testing employs cell lines derived from lymphocytes, mast cells, and monocytes-macrophages transfected with various EGFP cytokine reporter gene constructs. While cytokine expression is a valid endpoint for in vitro immunotoxicity screening, additional marker for th...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.052
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work in our laboratory has shown that the continuous administration of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a highly specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, prevented the development of pulmonary hypertension and right ven...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90124-3
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several neurotoxic compounds cause aggregation of neurofilaments in peripheral axons. This may represent a primary action of these chemicals or a secondary response to other cellular damage. To distinguish between these possibilities, the effects of acrylamide and 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) on vimentin were examined in ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(89)90063-x
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tabun represents the phosphoramidate class of organophosphates that are covalent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an essential enzyme in neurotransmission. Currently used therapy in counteracting excessive cholinergic stimulation consists of a muscarinic antagonist (atropine) and an oxime reactivator of inhi...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.007
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three phenolic glycosides isolated from the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium showed significant free radical and superoxide ion scavenging activity and antioxidant potential that were comparable to, or several folds higher than those of standard antioxidants, trolox and ascorbic acid. The effective concentrations of...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2014.03.011
更新日期：2014-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound isolated from cottonseeds, has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities, but whether it can influence inflammasome activation remains unclear. In this study, we found that in mouse macrophages, gossypol induced cell death characterized by rapid membrane rupture and rob...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.027
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:B200 cells are Ni(II)-transformed mouse BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts displaying a malignant phenotype and increased resistance to Ni(II) toxicity. In an attempt to find genes whose expression has been altered by the transformation, the Atlas Mouse Stress/Toxicology cDNA Expression Array (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Palo Al...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.006
更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Herb-drug interaction strongly limits the clinical application of herbs and drugs, and the inhibition of herbal components towards important drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) has been regarded as one of the most important reasons. The present study aims to investigate the inhibition potential of andrographolide derivat...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2014.02.021
更新日期：2014-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Isoflurane is known to increase β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal damage. We hypothesized that isoflurane will have similar effects on the polyglutamine huntingtin protein and will cause alterations in intracellular calcium homeostasis. We tested this hypothesis in striatal cells from the expanded glutamine huntingti...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.032
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sensory irritant properties of ozone have been considered to be responsible for symptoms that occur in humans after exposure. This assumption has not been studied explicitly. One way to assess the aversive properties of airborne irritants is to give the exposed individual an opportunity to control the duration of ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90246-7
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of GSH concentration on metabolism of monocrotaline was examined in the isolated, perfused rat liver. Chloroethanol (0.37 mmol/kg), diethyl maleate (5.6 mmol/kg), and buthionine sulfoximine (72.9 mmol/kg) given in vivo reduced hepatic GSH from 3.7 mumol/g wet weight to 1.5, 0.6 and 0.9 mumol/g, respectiv...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1017
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clofibric acid (CA), a potent peroxisome proliferator (PP), has been shown to cause tumor formation in rat liver. The precise mechanism of action of PPs remains largely unknown. However, it has been proposed that they act by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a cellular oxidative stress. In the prese...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.2001.9214
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metformin is a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is often prescribed in combination with other drugs to control a patient's blood glucose level and achieve their HbA1c goal. New treatment options for T2D will likely include fixed dose combinations with metformin, which may require preclini...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2009.11.026
更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bleeding episodes commonly occur in patients on warfarin treatment even in those within therapeutic range of international normalized ratio (INR). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the 8 examined polymorphisms on the risk of bleeding complications in a sample of Iranian patients. ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.026
更新日期：2016-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Steatosis is the characteristic type of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity and may result in life-threatening hepatic lesion. Approximately 61% of patients treated with VPA have been diagnosed with hepatic steatosis through ultrasound examination. However, the mechanisms underlying VPA-induced intracellular fat accumulation a...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.022
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of high protein dietary regimens prior to the administration of inorganic mercury were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed on purified test diets containing either normal (20%) or high (60%) concentrations of protein. Mercury was administered as a single intravenous injection of mercuric c...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(90)90190-6
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The disappearance rate of renin from plasma was evaluated in both acutely and chronically lead-exposed rabbits. In addition, the effects of lead (Pb) on in vitro renin secretion were determined with rabbit renal cortical slices. Rabbits acutely exposed to Pb (0.3 to 2.0 mg/kg, iv) demonstrated no increase in plasma re...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(83)90127-8
更新日期：1983-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Engineered nanomaterials are being developed for a variety of technological applications. However, the increasing use of nanomaterials in society has led to concerns about their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. During the first decade of nanotoxicological research, the realization has eme...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.014
更新日期：2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) induces dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in fetus and adult offspring. However, whether PEE increases the susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in offspring and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. This study aimed to demonstrate an increased susceptibility to hi...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.009
更新日期：2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure of mice to cationic rhodamines, Rh 123 and Rh 6G, has been found to be associated with developmental toxicity, while neutral rhodamines (e.g., Rh B) had no such effect. When mouse embryos from dams given ip injections of Rh 123, Rh 6G (15 mg/kg), or Rh B (30 mg/kg) on gestation Day (GD) 10 were examined, Rh 1...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(89)90113-0
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Di-Calciphor is a synthetic derivative of prostaglandin B1 that protects against cerebral and cardiac ischemia apparently by preserving mitochondrial function. To determine whether di-Calciphor specifically protects against mitochondrial failure, we studied its effects on mitochondrial functions in hepatocytes treated...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1994.1087
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucose feeding can markedly exacerbate the toxicity of the anticholinesterase insecticide, parathion. We determined the effects of parathion on brain nitric oxide and its possible role in potentiation of toxicity by glucose feeding. Adult rats were given water or 15% glucose in water for 3 days and challenged with ve...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2006.11.005
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nafenopin was administered orally for 21 days to male Sprague-Dawley rats (0.5-50 mg/kg/day), Syrian hamsters (5-250 mg/kg/day), Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (50 and 250 mg/kg/day), and marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day). With the rat, and to a lesser extent in the hamster, nafenopin treatment produced...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(89)90120-8
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to cadmium (Cd) impairs renal transport systems for glucose, amino acids, phosphate, and dicarboxylates. To investigate if these changes are directly related to a Cd binding to the renal brush-border membrane, Cd binding and the Na+-dependent uptakes of d-glucose, l-alanine, phosphate, and succinate were dete...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1998.8581
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In rat skeletal muscle, chronic exposure to 50 ppm Cd2+ in drinking water produced both ultrastructural and functional damage, which took place successively and increased gradually with duration of treatment. Ultrastructurally, the first effect was a regression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial cristae, and...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90264-9
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
