Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The emerging consensus that exposure to near-roadway traffic-related pollution causes asthma has implications for compact urban development policies designed to reduce driving and greenhouse gases. OBJECTIVES:We estimated the current burden of childhood asthma-related disease attributable to near-roadway and regional air pollution in Los Angeles County (LAC) and the potential health impact of regional pollution reduction associated with changes in population along major traffic corridors. METHODS:The burden of asthma attributable to the dual effects of near-roadway and regional air pollution was estimated, using nitrogen dioxide and ozone as markers of urban combustion-related and secondary oxidant pollution, respectively. We also estimated the impact of alternative scenarios that assumed a 20% reduction in regional pollution in combination with a 3.6% reduction or 3.6% increase in the proportion of the total population living near major roads, a proxy for near-roadway exposure. RESULTS:We estimated that 27,100 cases of childhood asthma (8% of total) in LAC were at least partly attributable to pollution associated with residential location within 75 m of a major road. As a result, a substantial proportion of asthma-related morbidity is a consequence of near-roadway pollution, even if symptoms are triggered by other factors. Benefits resulting from a 20% regional pollution reduction varied markedly depending on the associated change in near-roadway proximity. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that there are large and previously unappreciated public health consequences of air pollution in LAC and probably in other metropolitan areas with dense traffic corridors. To maximize health benefits, compact urban development strategies should be coupled with policies to reduce near-roadway pollution exposure.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Perez L,Lurmann F,Wilson J,Pastor M,Brandt SJ,Künzli N,McConnell Rdoi
10.1289/ehp.1104785subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-11-01 00:00:00pages
1619-26issue
11eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Experimental tools for studying the complex steroidogenic interactions that occur between placenta and fetus during human pregnancy are extremely limited. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to develop a co-culture model to study steroidogenesis by the human fetoplacental unit and its disruption by exposure to environmenta...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
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