Abstract:
:Three-dimensional cell culture models, such as spheroids, can be used in the process of the development of new anticancer agents because they are able to closely mimic the main features of human solid tumors, namely their structural organization, cellular layered assembling, hypoxia, and nutrient gradients. These properties imprint to the spheroids an anticancer therapeutics resistance profile, which is similar to that displayed by human solid tumors. In this review, an overview of the drug resistance mechanisms observed in 3D tumor spheroids is provided. Furthermore, comparisons between the therapeutics resistance profile exhibited by spheroids, and 2D cell cultures are presented. Finally, examples of the therapeutic approaches that have been developed to surpass the drug resistance mechanisms exhibited by spheroids are described.
journal_name
Biotechnol Bioengjournal_title
Biotechnology and bioengineeringauthors
Nunes AS,Barros AS,Costa EC,Moreira AF,Correia IJdoi
10.1002/bit.26845subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-01 00:00:00pages
206-226issue
1eissn
0006-3592issn
1097-0290journal_volume
116pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Recently, the respiratory quotient (RQ) of microbes measured in situ in a fermentor by exit-gas analysis has been used successfully, for instance, in a fed-batch culture of baker's yeast as a criterion to control the feeding rate.(1-3) It is significant here to keep RQ values close to unity throughout; any deviations ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260360513
更新日期:1990-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::As cartilage is incapable of self-healing upon severe degeneration because of the lack of blood vessels, cartilage tissue engineering is gaining importance in the treatment of cartilage defects. This study was designed to improve cartilage tissue regeneration by expressing tissue transglutaminase variant 2 (TGM2_v2) i...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27311
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphite dehydrogenase represents a new enzymatic system for regenerating reduced nicotinamide cofactors for industrial biocatalysis. We previously engineered a variant of phosphite dehydrogenase with relaxed cofactor specificity and significantly increased activity and stability. Here we performed one round of rando...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21546
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::For all bacteria, nearly every antimicrobial fails since a subpopulation of the bacteria enter a dormant state known as persistence, in which the antimicrobials are rendered ineffective due to the lack of metabolism. This tolerance to antibiotics makes microbial infections the leading cause of death worldwide and make...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.25963
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a model for nutrient removal in an aerobic granular sludge system. This model can quantitatively describe the start-up of the system by coupling a model for studying the population dynamics of the granules in the reactor (reactor-scale model) and a model for studying the microbial community structure in t...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.25331
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) system is used to amplify the product gene to multiple copies in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells for generating cell lines which produce the recombinant protein at high levels. The physiological changes accompanying the transformation of the non-protein secreting host cells to a high p...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.25117
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the inhibitory effects and anaerobic biotransformation of acrylic acid in computer-controlled pH-stat completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) with two different cultures, namely unacclimated and acrylate-acclimated acetate-enriched Methanosarcina and homogenized (crushed) granular cultures, were invest...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990120)62:2<200::aid-bit
更新日期:1999-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The naturally existing microbial hosts can rarely satisfy industrial requirements, thus there has always been an intense effort in strain engineering to meet the needs of these bioprocesses. Here, in this work, we want to prove the concept that engineering global transcription factor cAMP receptor protein (CRP) of Esc...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.24411
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immobilized enzyme hollow fibers may be useful in the purification or treatment of whole blood under clinical conditions. In this study, catalytically pure heparinase was immobilized to cellulose to analyze the feasibility for the removal of heparin's anticoagulant activity from whole blood. The kinetics of catalytica...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260341105
更新日期:1989-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a novel surface immobilization method for live-cell imaging of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for continuous monitoring of lipid droplet accumulation. Microfluidics allows high-throughput manipulation and analysis of single cells in precisely controlled microenvironment. Fluorescence imaging based quan...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.25453
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dilute aqueous solutions of polymers released by marine phytoplankton (microalgae) were shown to effectively reduce drag in capillary pipe flow. Tests were performed in a capillary turbulent flow viscometer which extruded small samples under high pressures. In all, 22 species were screened, and the products of one chl...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260330506
更新日期:1989-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::The heterogeneous nature of hollow fiber reactors for cell cultivation requires special considerations for proper design and operation. Downstream concentration of high-molecular-weight proteins has been measured in the shell side of ultrafiltration hollow fiber bioreactors. This distribution resulted from shell-side ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260360905
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The engineering of production cell lines to express anti-apoptotic genes has been pursued in recent years due to potential process benefits, including enhanced cell survival, increased protein expression, and improved product quality. In this study, a baby hamster kidney cell line secreting recombinant factor VIII (BH...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21479
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overexpression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli often leads to a severe growth retardation of the host cells. The phage T7 promoter phi10 in a pET vector was utilized to express human superoxide dismutase. Induction with IPTG lead to an increase in protein content and cell size and a termination of cell div...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10353
更新日期:2002-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the growth rate dependence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) p24(s) monomer and lipoprotein particle synthesis produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using galactose-limited continuous culture. The hepatitis B virus S gene, which encodes the p24(s) monomer, is transcribed under the control of the GA...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960305)49:5<578::AID-BIT
更新日期:1996-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Currently in America the biofuel ethanol is primarily being produced by the dry grind technique to obtain the starch contained in the corn grains and subsequently subjected to fermentation. This so-called 1st generation technology has two setbacks; first the lingering debate whether its life cycle contributes to a red...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21881
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amount of ATP produced during n-alkane, fatty acid, or acetate metabolism in Candida tropicalis has been established from the P/O ratios measured on isolated mitochondria, yield on substrate and carbon balance. For these three kinds of substrates YATP value has been found to be close to 4, although Ysub on acetate...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260171202
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-Methionine was converted to L-methionine in a reaction system where four enzymes were used. D-amino acid oxidase (D-AAO) from Arthrobacter protophormiae was used for the complete conversion of D-methionine to 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid. Catalase was added to prevent 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid decarboxylation...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21501
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enantiocatalytic performance of immobilized lipase in an emulsion membrane reactor using stable emulsion prepared by membrane emulsification technology was studied. The production of optical pure (S)-naproxen from racemic naproxen methyl ester was used as a model reaction system. The O/W emulsion, containing the s...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10826
更新日期:2003-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Kluyveromyces marxianus is a promising nonconventional yeast for biobased chemical production due to its rapid growth rate, high TCA cycle flux, and tolerance to low pH and high temperature. Unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, K. marxianus grows on low-cost substrates to cell densities that equal or surpass densities in ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26976
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant host cell line for the production of biopharmaceuticals, a growing industry currently worth more than $188 billion USD in global sales. CHO cells undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) following different stresses encountered in cell culture, such as substrate l...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/bit.27269
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite wide applications of l-tyrosine in the market, microbial overproduction of l-tyrosine has been a great challenge due to the complex gene regulations involved in its biosynthetic pathway. To this end, effects of knocking out tyrR on the l-tyrosine production were further explored during the strain development. ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26797
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microscopic morphology of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414, growing in submerged culture, was studied by image analysis. The morphology was characterized by the total hyphal length, the total number of tips, the number of actively growing tips, and the length of the main hypha. To describe the growth of a single myceliu...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260470513
更新日期:1995-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::CO(2) partial pressure (pCO(2)) in industrial cell culture reactors may reach 150-200 mm Hg, which can significantly inhibit cell growth and recombinant protein production. The inhibitory effects of elevated pCO(2) at constant pH are due to a combination of the increases in pCO(2) and [HCO(-) (3)], per se, and the ass...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10176
更新日期:2002-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Effective and efficient breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass remains a primary barrier for its use as a feedstock for renewable transportation fuels. A more detailed understanding of the material properties of biomass slurries during conversion is needed to design cost-effective conversion processes. A series of enzym...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22381
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show the design features of a membrane bioreactor based on pulsatile flow across dimpled membranes. Results show an enhanced mass transfer of air of at least five-fold magnitude as compared with flat membranes. An increased working volume form 20 mL to 120 mL reduced the k(L)A at a given Reynolds number because of ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260381016
更新日期:1991-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Centrifugal adsorption technology (CAT) is a new compact, countercurrent technology for efficient adsorption from large liquid streams by using adsorbent particles in the micrometer range. CAT seems particularly suited for the recovery of macromolecules at low concentrations, because the small particle dimensions lead...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10121
更新日期:2002-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Herein, we report the development of a microbial bioprocess for high-level production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a valuable non-proteinogenic amino acid with multiple applications in medical, agricultural, and food industries, using Escherichia coli as a cell factory. We first implemented the Shemin (i.e., C4) ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27547
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While feeding protocols and ectopic expression of anti-apoptotic genes have been used to improve the viability of hybridoma cell lines, the effect of the expression levels of survival genes on the behavior of hybridomas following nutrient supplementation is unknown. In this study, we compared the behavior of the Sp2/0...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10467
更新日期:2003-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The study was done to evaluate the efficacy of using reuterin produced by Lactobacillus reuteri to sanitize biological tissues. The microorganism tested in the study was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of nosocomial biomaterial-related infections. The inhibitory effect of reuterin on P. aeruginosa for an inocul...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10764
更新日期:2003-10-20 00:00:00