Abstract：
:A persistent nineteenth-century urban legend was the notion that photograph-like images of the last-seen object or person would be preserved in the eyes of the dead. This popular notion followed technological developments (the daguerreotype and ophthalmoscope) that antedated by decades a basic understanding of retinal physiology. From 1876 to 1877, Boll described photochemical bleaching of the retina and produced a crude retinal image that remained briefly visible after death in an experimental animal. From 1877 to 1881, Kühne elaborated the processes involved in photochemical transduction, and created more complex retinal images, or "optograms," that were visible after the death of experimental animals under special laboratory circumstances. In 1880, Kühne reported the first human "optogram" when he examined the eyes following the state execution of a convicted murderer. Although the work of these physiologists increased public interest in "optography" as a potential tool in forensic investigations, Kühne and his student, Ayres, concluded after an extensive series of investigations that optography would never be useful for this purpose. Nevertheless, because of the prior tantalizing results, optography became a frequent consideration in speculative news reports of sensational unsolved murders, and as a plot device in works of fiction, some quite fantastical. Fictional portrayals included works by Rudyard Kipling and Jules Verne. Despite denouncement of optography for forensic investigations by Kühne, and by numerous physicians, the general public and mass media continued to press for examination of the retinae of murder victims well into the twentieth century, particularly in high-profile unsolved cases.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Lanska DJdoi
10.1016/B978-0-444-63273-9.00004-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
55-84eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
B978-0-444-63273-9.00004-6journal_volume
205pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract：:We review neural connections of the superior colliculus (SC) and brainstem saccade-related neurons in relation to saccade generation mechanism. The caudal and rostral SC play a role in saccade generation and visual fixation, respectively. This functional differentiation suggests that different connections should exist...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.007
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal cord injuries often lead to disorders in the control of autonomic function, including problems with blood pressure regulation, voiding, defecation and reproduction. The root cause of all these problems is the destruction of brain pathways that control spinal autonomic neurons lying caudal to the lesion. Changes...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(05)52001-6
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is a brief review of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as indices of cortical information processing in conditions in which conscious perception of stimuli is supposed to be absent: sleep, coma, vegetative state, general anesthesia, neglect as well as presentation of subliminal or masked stimuli. Exogenous ER...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50030-X
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primates are endowed with a brain about twice the size that of a mammal with the same body size, and humans have the largest brain relative to body size of all animals. This increase in brain size may be related to the acquisition of higher cognitive skills that permitted more complex social interactions, the evolutio...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53860-4.00001-5
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antidepressants are commonly prescribed for tinnitus. Research thus far provides some support for that treatment, but the literature also raises concerns because tinnitus is a side effect of antidepressant medication. In this chapter, four published double blind placebo-controlled trials of antidepressants for tinnitu...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66024-5
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Objects have specific cognitive attributes, elicit particular visuo-motor responses, and require visual processes beyond primary visual cortex to combine information over extended regions as a basis for the segmentation and integration of visual objects. As well as segmentation, the assignment of region boundaries to ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)64008-4
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present results of a study of torsional eye movements evoked by earth-vertical accelerations along the subject's longitudinal axis. The earth-vertical stimulus leads to a gravito-inertial acceleration vector that changes magnitude but not direction. It can therefore be viewed as a dynamic change of the gravity leve...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00646-8
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When discrepant stimuli are presented to each eye and fusion is impossible, perception spontaneously oscillates between the two patterns (binocular rivalry). Functional MRI (fMRI) research identified a frontoparietal network in the right hemisphere associated with perceptual transitions, and it has been proposed that ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)55013-7
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concerted efforts are realizing cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). In this chapter, I describe efforts at the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University. These efforts use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as donor cells. The iPSCs were established as human leukocyte antig...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human brain is often characterized in terms of a duality, with the left and right brains serving complementary functions, and even individuals are sometimes classified as either "left-brained" or "right-brained." Recent evidence from brain imaging shows that hemispheric asymmetry is multidimensional, comprised of ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.041
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is the most frequent form of acquired persisting fixation nystagmus. It is hypothesized to occur when physiological inhibitory cerebellar input, namely of the flocculus, to the vestibular nuclei is inhibited. The second most frequent form of acquired nystagmus is upbeat nystagmus (UBN). UBN is...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00676-6
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter reviews research that focuses on the effects of emotionality of single words, and of simple phrases, on event-related brain potentials when these are presented visually in various tasks. In these studies, presentation of emotionally evocative language material has consistently elicited a late (c. 300-600 ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)56009-1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cytoarchitecture and the histochemistry of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and its afferent and efferent connections to oculomotor structures are described. The functional significance of the afferent connections of the nucleus is discussed in terms of current knowledge of the firing behavior of prepositus neurons i...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(05)51007-0
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is widespread in the nervous system and is thought to play a role in a variety of different neuronal functions, including learning and memory (see other chapters, this volume). A number of behavioral studies have indicated that NO is involved in several types of learning such as motor learning (Yanag...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63206-9
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the neostriatum, GABAergic inhibition arises from the action of at least two classes of inhibitory interneurons, and from recurrent collaterals of the principal cells. Interneurons receive excitatory input only from extrinsic sources, and so act in a purely feedforward capacity. Feedback inhibition arises from the ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60006-X
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major point of this chapter is that there is evidence to support the idea that cervical headache might not only result from injured somatic structures in the neck but also occur because of interactions with visceral organs. The complex arrangement of convergent inputs from somatic and visceral afferent fibers and ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62140-8
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using alternatively labelled (-)-deprenyl (3H label in the ring and 14C in the propargyl group) the distribution of the compound was studied in 15 brain regions and the plasma of rats over a period of 96 h, after oral administration of 1.5 mg/kg of (-)-deprenyl. The compound is rapidly absorbed (within 15-30 min) from...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61211-x
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is increasing evidence that human cognitive functions can be addressed from a robust neuroscience perspective. In particular, the distributed coherent electrical properties of central neuronal ensembles are considered to be a promising avenue of inquiry concerning global brain functions. The intrinsic oscillator...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50010-4
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recordings of spinal INs during a flexion/extension wrist task with an instructed delay period have shown directly that many spinal neurons modulate their rate during the preparatory period soon after a visual cue. The onset time and the relation between the delay period activity of spinal INs and the ensuing movement...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)30018-3
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life expectancies have increased substantially in the last century, dramatically amplifying the proportion of individuals who will reach old age. As individuals age, cognitive ability declines, although the rate of decline differs amongst the forms of memory domains and for different individuals. Memory domains especi...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(10)82002-3
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fundamental obstacle to neuroprostheses based on penetrating microstimulation is the tissue's response to the device insertion and to the application of the electrical stimulation. Our long-term goal is to develop multichannel microstimulation of central nervous tissue for clinical therapy. The overall objective o...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53815-4.00011-X
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elucidation of the molecular basis of mammalian circadian rhythms has progressed dramatically in recent years through the characterization of mouse mutants. With the implementation of numerous mouse genetics programs, comprehensive sets of mutations in genes affecting circadian output measures have been generated. Alt...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59427-3.00015-0
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this chapter is to review recent literature describing how developments in cognition may contribute to age-related changes in emotional processes, specifically emotion regulation and emotion perception. In general, older adults are more likely than young adults to report feeling positive. Prominent conceptu...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.02.007
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The febrile reaction is an integrated endocrine, autonomic and behavioral response, coordinated by the hypothalamus, that includes certain components of the stress response, such as elevated corticosteroid secretion. It is produced by the actions of circulating cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosi...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64587-2
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mental time travel (MTT) allows navigation into the past, the future, and the minds of others, and it subserves future-oriented decision-making. Impaired MTT has been associated with a tendency to over-rely on the present, which is a characteristic of addictive behaviors. We here discuss the possible relationship betw...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.07.011
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the kidney, the actions of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) renders the collecting duct highly permeable to water. This large increase in water permeability is largely due to the translocation of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) from intracellular storage vesicles to the apical plasma membra...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00444-5
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PTSD arises by definition as a direct consequence of the experience of an acute severe stressor. The formation of traumatic memory and its extinction, sympathetic and adrenocortical stress systems activity in relation to individual vulnerability form the core of animal models for PTSD. ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)67008-3
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paired organotypic explants from rat occipital cortex were cultured for up to three weeks in the presence of selective blockers of amino acid receptor blockers, during which period spontaneous action potential generation was monitored electrophysiologically. In contrast to isolated explants (Corner, M.A., van Pelt, J....
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(04)47018-6
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The studies reviewed in this chapter present a convincing argument that prostaglandins have direct actions at the level of the spinal cord to enhance nociception. Furthermore, an increasing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that one important site of action of these eicosanoids is the terminals of sensory neuro...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61801-4
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When an object partially or completely disappears behind an occluding surface, a representation of that object persists. For example, fragments of no longer visible objects can serve as an input into mid-level constructive visual processes, interacting and integrating with currently visible portions to form perceptual...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.07.010
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
