Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Infant mortality rates (IMRs) are disproportionally high in the U.S. South; however, the proximate contributors that could inform regional action remain unclear. PURPOSE:To quantify the components of excess infant mortality in the U.S. South by maternal race/ethnicity, underlying cause of death, and gestational age. METHODS:U.S. Period Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Files 2007-2009 (analyzed in 2013) were used to compare IMRs between the South (U.S. Public Health Regions IV and VI) and all other regions combined. RESULTS:Compared to other regions, there were 1.18 excess infant deaths per 1000 live births in the South, representing about 1600 excess infant deaths annually. New Mexico and Texas did not have elevated IMRs relative to other regions; excess death rates among other states ranged from 0.62 per 1000 in Kentucky to 3.82 per 1000 in Mississippi. Racial/ethnic compositional differences, generally the greater proportion of non-Hispanic black births in the South, explained 59% of the overall regional difference; the remainder was mostly explained by higher IMRs among non-Hispanic whites. The leading causes of excess Southern infant mortality were sudden unexpected infant death (SUID; 36%, range=12% in Florida to 90% in Kentucky) and preterm-related death (22%, range= -71% in Kentucky to 51% in North Carolina). Higher rates of preterm birth, predominantly <34 weeks, accounted for most of the preterm contribution. CONCLUSIONS:To reduce excess Southern infant mortality, comprehensive strategies addressing SUID and preterm birth prevention for both non-Hispanic black and white births are needed, with state-level findings used to tailor state-specific efforts.
journal_name
Am J Prev Medjournal_title
American journal of preventive medicineauthors
Hirai AH,Sappenfield WM,Kogan MD,Barfield WD,Goodman DA,Ghandour RM,Lu MCdoi
10.1016/j.amepre.2013.12.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
219-27issue
3eissn
0749-3797issn
1873-2607pii
S0749-3797(13)00667-3journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract：INTRODUCTION:Substantial research has been dedicated to understanding the reasons for the dramatic rise in obesity rates in the U.S. in the last 2 decades. Animal studies and epidemiologic studies in children have suggested that air pollution might contribute to weight gain. This study investigates the association betw...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
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abstract：BACKGROUND:This study assessed the extent to which 20 large jail systems have implemented national recommendations for tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control in correctional facilities. METHODS:Data were collected through questionnaires to jail medical directors and TB control directors, observation at the jails, an...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
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