The epidemiology and clinical features of Kawasaki disease in Australia.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES:The current Australian epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is poorly defined. Previous enhanced surveillance (1993-1995) estimated an incidence of 3.7/100,000 <5 years. METHODS:We identified all patients hospitalized in Western Australia (current population ∼2.4 million) 1979 through 2009 with a discharge diagnosis of KD. We reviewed demographic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic data from individual patient files and derived age-specific population estimates. KD diagnosis was made using standard criteria. RESULTS:There were 353 KD cases, with incomplete KD in 34 (9.6%). Male to female ratio was 1.7:1 and median age was 3.8 years (interquartile range 12-60 months). Fifty (18.1%) patients were Asian. Mean annual incidence increased from 2.82 per 100,000 children aged <5 years (95% confidence interval, 1.93-3.99) in 1980 to 1989, to 7.96 (6.48-9.67) in 1990 to 1999, to 9.34 (7.72-11.20) in 2000 to 2009. The highest incidence was 15.7 in 2005. A total of 293 children (83%) received intravenous immunoglobulin and 331 (95.4%) aspirin. Of 282 children who completed echocardiographic studies, 47 (16.7%) had coronary artery (CA) ectasia/dilatation and 19 (6.8%) had CA aneurysms; male gender was significantly associated with CA abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS:KD epidemiology in Western Australia mirrors that of other industrialized, predominantly European-Caucasian populations. The rising incidence likely reflects both improved ascertainment and a real increase in disease burden. The current Australian incidence is threefold higher than previously reported and similar to the United Kingdom. The CA outcomes, which include the pre-intravenous immunoglobulin era, are comparable to those reported elsewhere.

journal_name

Pediatrics

journal_title

Pediatrics

authors

Saundankar J,Yim D,Itotoh B,Payne R,Maslin K,Jape G,Ramsay J,Kothari D,Cheng A,Burgner D

doi

10.1542/peds.2013-2936

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-04-01 00:00:00

pages

e1009-14

issue

4

eissn

0031-4005

issn

1098-4275

pii

peds.2013-2936

journal_volume

133

pub_type

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