Abstract：
PURPOSE:The study aimed to describe the dispensing of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs (z-hypnotics) to pregnant women and to study the characteristics of these women and the extent of co-medication. METHODS:A population-based cohort study was conducted based on the linkage of nationwide registries: the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database. The data covers dispensed drugs to women 3 months prior to, during and after pregnancy. The study population consisted of 345,703 singleton pregnancies during a period starting 1 April 2004 or later and ending before 1 January 2011. RESULTS:In 5,135 (1.5 %) of the pregnancies, the women were dispensed a benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic at least once. Of these, 68.5 % filled just one prescription for the duration of the pregnancy. Prevalence was lower in pregnancy than before and after pregnancy. The median total amount of benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics dispensed during pregnancy was 15 defined daily doses (DDDs), while the 25 % receiving the largest amounts got 40 DDDs or more. Five hundred eleven women, the 10 % that were prescribed the largest amounts during pregnancy, received a median amount of 220 DDDs. Women receiving these drugs were older, more often smokers, without a partner and suffering from chronic disease. Of the medicated pregnant women, 19.6 % and 19.3 % were also prescribed an opioid and antidepressant, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The use of benzodiazepines and z-hypnotic drugs during pregnancy was not very prevalent in Norway. However, our findings imply that there is a substantial number of pregnancies where these drugs are dispensed often and/or in large quantities and where co-medication occurred.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Riska BS,Skurtveit S,Furu K,Engeland A,Handal Mdoi
10.1007/s00228-014-1744-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-01 00:00:00pages
1367-74issue
11eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the response of haemodynamic and oxygen-transport parameters to phenylephrine in a dose-response fashion in septic non-hypotensive, vasodilated surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:Surgical ICU of a tertiary care, university medical centre. PATIENTS:Te...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050231
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of intravenous enprofylline has been studied in 8 children with asthma. The mean plasma half-life of enprofylline (1.0 h) was considerably shorter than that previously reported in adults. The half-life determined from log urine excretion rate data was identical to the plasma half-life, so urine ex...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00637683
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of dexfenfluramine (dF) on body weight, blood pressure and noradrenergic activity were studied in 30 obese hypertensive patients randomly divided into two groups and treated for 3 months either with dF (30 mg daily; 16 subjects) or placebo (Pl; 14 subjects). 11 patients from the dF group and 9 patients give...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00265922
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypocholesterolemic cation resins, cholestyramine and colestipol, have variable effects on the absorption parameters of a number of lipophillic, anion drugs. Because of the unpredictable nature of this interaction, we have assessed in human volunteers the effect of these resins on the rate and total absorption of ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00542221
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma aspirin, salicylate and salicyluric acid concentrations were monitored in young, elderly and alcoholic subjects after ingestion of a single 1.2 g dose of soluble aspirin. The plasma aspirin, salicylate and unbound salicylate concentration-time profiles varied considerably between individual subjects. Most of th...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00543800
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the role of genetic, physiological, environmental, and epigenetic factors in regulating CYP2A6 expression and nicotine metabolism. METHODS:Human livers (n = 67) were genotyped for CYP2A6 alleles and assessed for nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 expression (mRNA and protein). In addition, a subset...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-009-0762-0
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In order to discover how well the discipline of clinical pharmacology (CP) has developed in Europe, a questionnaire survey was undertaken in 31 countries. METHODS:The senior delegate of each of the 31 countries on the Council of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (EACPT) w...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-013-1519-3
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are uncommonly used due to their high frequency of adverse effects, including tachycardia and hypertension. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the role of this class of drugs in treating a variety of psychiatric disorders. The clinical features of MAOI overdose ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-007-0360-y
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The haemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a new beta-1 agonist, were studied in 10 patients with chronic heart failure. Following intravenous prenalterol infusions of 1 mg, 2.5 mg and 5 mg at 15 min intervals, oral slow release prenalterol 20 mg, 30 mg and 50 mg was given at 2 h intervals and then 50-100 mg bid for one...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00542125
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The present study was carried out to investigate current prescribing and dispensing practices in the largest two teaching hospitals in Sudan and compare them with those of published studies in developing countries. METHODS:A descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted among hospital outpa...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-006-0216-x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of quinidine were investigated in extensive and poor metabolisers of sparteine. No differences in plasma clearance, terminal half life, volume of distribution or cumulative urinary excretion of quinidine, 3-hydroxyquinidine and quinidine-N-oxide were observed between phenotypes. Thu...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00870989
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Treatment with statins requires close monitoring of serum creatine kinase (CK) levels to prevent myopathy, a common and potentially serious dose-dependent adverse effect of these drugs. We have investigated the correlation between elevated CK levels and polymorphisms in the genes encoding transporters involved ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-014-1661-6
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Troglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), which has been shown to improve the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes. Troglitazone undergoes hepatic metabolism to an inactive sulphate conjugate and an oxidative quinone metabolite with minor activity. The ob...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050514
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the first report of the use of DHM 32-550 a dehydrogenated peptide ergot alkaloid with both alpha and beta adrenoceptor blocking activity, in patients with angina-like chest pain. Five patients were studied to assess a dose/response relationship. No deleterious effects on blood pressure occurred at either rest...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00544034
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of midazolam has been studied in patients recovering from cardiac surgery, who required sedation for postoperative mechanical ventilation. Twelve males (mean age 64.5 years) with severe heart disease received an infusion of midazolam 15 mg.h-1 for 4 h, starting 1 to 3 h post surgery. Multiple bloo...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00558225
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of therapeutic regimens using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with acid-related diseases is to potently inhibit acid secretion for the full 24 h. However, optimum treatment is still unclear because the pharmacodynamics of PPIs differ among CYP2C19 genotypes and most of the previous studie...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-014-1713-y
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin was studied in 6 healthy volunteers and in 5 patients with a pleural effusion after administration of a single dose of 30 mg/kg i.v. infusion. The serum and pleural fluid concentrations of cefoxitin were determined microbiologically. The elimination half-life of the antibiotic from pl...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00548772
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine whether patients with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are associated with impaired CYP2D6 activity and to gain insight into whether there is an association between particular CYP2D6 genotypes and susceptibility to SLE, and whether CYP2D6 polymorphism is linked to any specific clini...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050587
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess (1) whether the utilisation of codeine or propoxyphene differs among the three major Swedish cities (Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö) and between urban and semirural areas; (2) if so, whether it co-varies with the utilisation of other potentially dependence-promoting drugs, benzodiazepines; (3) what ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050680
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine the changes in consumption of psychotropic drugs by children aged less than 18 years during the years 1995 to 2001 in the Netherlands. METHODS:The year prevalence of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants and psychostimulants for boys and girls under 18 years w...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-004-0765-9
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abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin in normal male volunteers was studied during the states of bedrest, sleep and ambulation. The absorption and disposition of amoxycillin in ambulatory subjects was found to be comparable to that reported previously by other workers. Serum amoxycillin concentrations were found to be s...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00561587
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To review the marketing authorization of biosimilars and provide a critical analysis of the pivotal trials supporting their approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). METHODS:EMA website to identify the biosimilars approved up to July 2019 and the European Public Assessment Report for information on pivo...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-019-02805-y
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to investigate the effects of raised intragastric pH on the absorption of theophylline from a sustained-release formulation. Six healthy male volunteers participated in the cross-over randomised study and on one of two occasions were pretreated with 240 mg omeprazole, administered in thr...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF01740660
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency distribution of the 8-h urinary ratio of log metoprolol/alpha-hydroxymetoprolol was assessed in 65 healthy, unrelated Jordanian volunteers. There was no apparent bimodality in the frequency distribution of this ratio among the subjects studied. The frequency of the poor metabolizer phenotype of metoprolo...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00191160
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Current evidence suggests that erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), including erythropoietin and darbepoetin, may have a direct cardio-protective effect. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy and safety of ESAs in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-011-1160-y
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to analyse inter-and intra-country quantitative and qualitative differences in anti-asthmatic prescriptions to children and adolescents. METHODS:A literature search was performed in EMBASE and MEDLINE to identify pharmaco-epidemiological studies published from January 1, 2000 ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-010-0845-y
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the usefulness of the 3-hydroxylation of quinine as a biomarker reaction for the activity of CYP3A4 in man and to study the interindividual variation in the metabolic ratio (MR), i.e. quinine/3-hydroxyquinine. METHODS:Data from a previous study (A) was used for determination of the MR of quini...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-003-0575-5
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We assessed reported associations of CYP3A5 *1 allele with a delay in achieving target tacrolimus concentrations, and occurrence of biopsy-confirmed subclinical acute rejection (SAR) and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) in Japanese subjects. METHODS:Forty-one renal allograft recipients were studied. The tar...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-008-0606-3
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension, and a fixed elevation of diastolic blood pressure, were randomly allocated to three groups and treated with propranolol 40 mg x 4 (Group 1), 80 mg x 4 (group 2) and 160 mg x 4 (Group 3). Blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), plasma renin activity (PRA), pla...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00618774
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to determine the impacts of CYP3A5 polymorphism on tacrolimus concentration and the proportion of patients within a target therapeutic range during the first week after transplantation together with the 3-month acute rejection rate in kidney transplant patients receiving a minimized...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-015-1990-0
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
