Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To assess (1) whether the utilisation of codeine or propoxyphene differs among the three major Swedish cities (Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö) and between urban and semirural areas; (2) if so, whether it co-varies with the utilisation of other potentially dependence-promoting drugs, benzodiazepines; (3) what influence age, gender and socioeconomic factors have on the prescribing of the two narcotic analgesics; and (4) whether different codeine-prescriber categories have different prescribing habits. METHODS:In Sweden, all pharmacies are owned by one corporation, Apoteket AB. This corporation collects, stores and compiles statistics on all drug sales in Sweden, and data are available both on national, regional, county and municipal levels. The employed unit is defined daily dose (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day. Using the pharmacy computer system while dispensing a drug, prescription patterns can be elucidated. This system describes the number of drug items dispensed, drug amounts and age and gender of patients. Furthermore, data from another, ecological study were used to relate codeine and propoxyphene utilisation to that of benzodiazepines and to various socioeconomic data available from records of the city of Malmö. RESULTS:The utilisation of analgesics in Sweden has increased during a 10-year period. The withdrawal of over-the-counter combinations containing aspirin and low-dose codeine in 1990 resulted only in a transient decrease of codeine use. The utilisation of codeine in Malmö and Göteborg was considerably higher than that in Stockholm and in the rest of Sweden, including the surroundings of Malmö. In Malmö and Göteborg, codeine was most often prescribed by private physicians to middle-aged persons, particularly women. Districts in Malmö with a high utilisation of codeine were associated with unfavourable socioeconomic conditions and a high utilisation of benzodiazepines. The utilisation pattern of propoxyphene showed less or no such deviations. CONCLUSION:The results suggest an inappropriate use of codeine in two major cities in Sweden.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Henricson K,Carlsten A,Ranstam J,Rametsteiner G,Stenberg P,Wessling A,Melander Adoi
10.1007/s002280050680subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
605-11issue
8eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041pii
90550605.228journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of grapefruit juice (GJ) on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered verapamil in hypertensive patients. METHODS:Ten hypertensive patients on chronic verapamil treatment participated in a two-day study. On day 1 200 ml of water was given 1 hour before, and together with the morni...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050470
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Lamotrigine as add-on treatment (500 mg per day) is effective in patients with refractory epilepsy, but its high cost requires a pharmacoeconomic analysis. We conducted a retrospective lifetime cost utility study in which clinical data were derived from a recent placebo-controlled clinical trial, cost-of-illn...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050402
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the risk factors for noncompliance in elderly home-care recipients; and to evaluate to what extent regular home visits and drug counseling by a pharmacist contribute to compliance. SUBJECTS:One hundred and sixty-three elderly home-care recipients aged 62 years and over took part in this study...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050609
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) were studied in 6 elderly men after oral administration of a single 400 mg dose. Peak PEMA serum levels were obtained within 4 h of intake, half-life values ranged from 30.7-57.9 h in these elderly men. The elimination half-life was twice as long when compared to a ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00637644
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible interaction between cetirizine 2 HCl and alcohol was studied in a double-blind, cross-over trial in 36 healthy volunteers. The performance of each volunteer was tested with a battery of five objective psychometric tests, and their subjective feelings were evaluated by visual analogue scales, and by extens...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00615227
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) expression has association with tumor malignancy. In thyroid cancers, FGFR4 has been reported to be characteristically expressed in aggressive thyroid tumors, such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). METHODS:We investigated FGFR4 expression in patients with ATC an...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02842-y
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomized, single-blind trial of repeated intravenous infusion of Brinase was carried out in 70 petients with severe chronic limb ischemia, who were candidates for lumbar sympathectomy or amputation. The enzyme caused s significant increase in calf and ankle pressure index. At six months follow-up, the clinical res...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00562056
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We assessed reported associations of CYP3A5 *1 allele with a delay in achieving target tacrolimus concentrations, and occurrence of biopsy-confirmed subclinical acute rejection (SAR) and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) in Japanese subjects. METHODS:Forty-one renal allograft recipients were studied. The tar...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0606-3
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to define the pharmacokinetic profile of free carbamazepine (F-CBZ) in adult Omani epileptic patients in order to improve on dosing schedules through population pharmacokinetic analysis using the NONMEM program. METHOD:Steady-state trough F-CBZ serum concentrations, carbamazepine (C...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280100300
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Studies demonstrating mortality benefit of beta blockers (BB) after myocardial infarction (MI) were conducted before the era of percutaneous intervention and widespread use of statins. Recent retrospective studies show inconsistent results regarding which subgroups of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients' ben...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02886-0
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of time of drug administration on pharmacokinetics of theophylline was studied both after ingestion of a sustained-release tablet, containing choline theophyllinate ( Zy 15061-S. R.; Teovent ; Sabidal ; ZYMA S.A.) and after intravenous infusion of aminophylline to eight healthy volunteers. Both drugs wer...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00630288
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of nomifensin (Hoechst 36984), a synthetic psychotropic drug whose structure differs from MAO inhibitors and tricyclics, was studied in a double blind comparative trial with desimipramine in patients with various depressive syndromes. Forty-three patients (23 in the nomifensin group and 20 in the desimipram...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00609468
更新日期:1976-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of drinking grapefruit juice on the acute pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic actions of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist felodipine given as a 5 mg plain tablet has been studied in nine, healthy, middle-aged males. Compared to water, grapefruit juice caused an increase in Cmax from mean 6 to 16 nmol.l-1...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00266354
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime have been investigated after single and multiple i.v. doses in 9 young healthy male volunteers and 15 elderly male patients with acute bacterial infections. All subjects had normal, age-correlated glomerular function. Distribution and elimination in young volunteers were unaffected ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00614556
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The four sulphonamides studied--furosemide, tolbutamide, sulfafurazole and sulfonamidochlorobenzoic acid--bind to human albumin at the same sites but with decreasing affinity. These sites are also common to other drugs, namely acenocoumarin, chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, phenylbutazone and warfarin. In plasma, the fou...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00609473
更新日期:1976-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The maternofetal transfer of the beta 1-selective adrenergic antagonist celiprolol has been studied in four hypertensive pregnant women. Fetal plasma concentrations were about 25-50% of the levels found on the maternal side. There was no significant difference between the plasma concentrations of the two enantiomers i...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00316477
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accidental intoxication with tramadol of a 6-month old infant was followed by severe cerebral depression. Studies on serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine drug levels indicated complete penetration of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier by tramadol. ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00543498
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of cefazolin in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, to study the influence of bodyweight measures and age on pharmacokinetic parameters and to evaluate unbound cefazolin concentrations over time in this population. M...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-011-1048-x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A temporal relationship between the increasing use of antibiotics and the increasing levels of antibiotic resistance has been established for Streptococcus pneumoniae. There are also data that support the presence of a geographic correlation between the level of resistance and the pattern of use among differ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-003-0724-x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We gave 24 healthy elderly volunteers with a perceived sleep onset of at least 30 minutes zolpidem 5 mg, zolpidem 10 mg, or placebo for 7 days in a double-blind, three-way, crossover study. The morning after nocturnal dosing, psychomotor performance and cognitive ability were measured using tests which are sensitive t...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02284957
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We previously found that, compared with healthy subjects. asymptomatic hepatitis-B virus (HBV) carriers displaying slow acetylator phenotype demonstrate a significant prolongation of the elimination half-life of 4-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and a decrease in the clearance of formation of 4-aminoantipyrine (A...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280100341
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The systemic effects of single and multiple doses of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide were examined in 24 healthy male volunteers (age range 18-29 years). The study was of an open, placebo-controlled, randomized, three-way crossover design. On each study day, multiple blood samples were taken over a ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00195931
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of i.v. and oral methylene blue, which is used to prevent ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy in oncology. METHODS:The concentration of methylene blue in whole blood was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography in seven volunteers after i.v....
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280000124
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this investigation was to clarify the stereoselective properties in lansoprazole metabolism by monitoring the metabolic consumption for each enantiomer and the formation of the main metabolites, lansoprazole sulfone and 5-hydroxylansoprazole, in the presence of human liver microsomal enzymes. METH...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280100374
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anti-ischaemic properties of nimodipine 30 mg and 60 mg t.i.d. for 4 days has been tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study based on the use of hyperventilation to reduce flow velocity in cerebral arteries. Whether the anti-ischaemic properties were due to a vasodilatator action on cerebral b...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00315133
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the most important exogenous risk factor for cutaneous malignancies. It is possible that phototoxic drugs promote the development of cutaneous melanoma (CM) by intensifying the effect of ultraviolet light on the skin. We investigated the association between the use of common sy...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-013-1476-x
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacokinetic parameters of prazosin (t1/2, tmax, Cmax and AUC have been studied in 18 hypertensive patients with varying degrees of chronic renal failure (serum creatinine ranging from 1.6 to 11.4 mg/dl). An oral dose of 2 mg of prazosin was added to the preexisting antihypertensive medication. The degree of renal ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00981133
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated antioxidant paraoxonase (PON) may reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and prevent atherosclerosis. The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor atorvastatin on hydroge...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-004-0820-6
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bioavailability of four preparations containing dihydrotachysterol (DHT2) was tested in two separate trials with administration of single, oral doses of 1 mg per individual. The relative bioavailability of corresponding preparations (capsules vs capsules and oral solution vs oral solution) was tested in a randomis...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00193484
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of nevirapine once-daily dosing on the pharmacokinetics of methadone and its main metabolite, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine, was evaluated in ten HIV positive patients on stable methadone therapy. Nevirapine 200 mg once daily was administered orally from day 1 to day 14. On day 15, nevir...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-007-0299-z
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00