Human Amniotic Membrane and Amniotic Membrane-Derived Cells: How Far Are We from Their Use in Regenerative and Reconstructive Urology?

Abstract:

:Human amniotic membrane (hAM) is the innermost layer of fetal membranes, which surrounds the developing fetus and forms the amniotic cavity. hAM and hAM-derived cells possess many properties that make them suitable for use in regenerative medicine, such as low immunogenicity, promotion of epithelization, anti-inflammatory properties, angiogenic and antiangiogenic properties, antifibrotic properties, antimicrobial properties, and anticancer properties. Many pathological conditions of the urinary tract lead to organ damage or complete loss of function. Consequently, the reconstruction or replacement of damaged organs is needed, which makes searching for new approaches in regenerative and reconstructive urology a necessity. The use of hAM for treating defects in kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra was tested in vitro in cell cultures and in vivo in mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and also in humans. These studies confirmed the advantages and the potential of hAM for use in regenerative and reconstructive urology as stated above. However, they also pointed out a few concerns we have to take into consideration. These are (1) the lack of a standardized protocol in hAM preparation and storage, (2) the heterogeneity of hAM, and especially (3) low mechanical strength of hAM. Before any wider use of hAM for treating urological defects, the protocols for preparation and storage will need to be standardized, followed by more studies on larger animals and clinical trials, which will altogether extensively assess the potential of hAM use in urological patients.

journal_name

Cell Transplant

journal_title

Cell transplantation

authors

Ramuta TŽ,Kreft ME

doi

10.1177/0963689717725528

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-01-01 00:00:00

pages

77-92

issue

1

eissn

0963-6897

issn

1555-3892

journal_volume

27

pub_type

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