Abstract:
AIM:To know the neural processes linked to the activity of brain circuits in order to understand the consequences of their dysfunction and their role in the development of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DEVELOPMENT:The activity of neuronal circuits is the neurobiological basis of behavior and mental activity (emotions, memory and thoughts). The processes of differentiation of neural cells and the formation of circuits by synaptic contacts between neurons (synaptogenesis) occur in the central nervous system during the late stages of prenatal development and the first months after birth. ASD and ADHD share biological features, mainly related to alterations in brain circuits and synaptic function, which allow us to treat them scientifically together. From the neurobiological aspect, ASD and ADHD are manifestations of anomalies in the formation of circuits and synaptic contacts in the brain regions involved in social behavior, and especially in the prefrontal cerebral cortex. These anomalies are caused by mutations in genes involved synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity, regulation of dendritic spine morphology, synaptic cytoskeletal organization, synthesis and degradation of synaptic proteins, and control of excitatory and inhibitory balance in the synaptic function. CONCLUSIONS:ASD and ADHD are functional alterations of the cerebral cortex, which present structural anomalies in the arrangement of neurons, in the pattern of connections of cortical columns and in the structure of dendritic spines. These alterations affect mainly the prefrontal cortex and its connections. TITLE:Bases neurobiologicas del trastorno del espectro autista y del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: diferenciacion neural y sinaptogenesis. :Objetivo. Conocer los procesos neurales ligados a la formacion de sinapsis y circuitos cerebrales para entender su papel en las enfermedades del neurodesarrollo, como el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y el trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH). Desarrollo. La actividad de los circuitos neuronales es la base neurobiologica de la conducta y la actividad mental (emociones, memoria y pensamientos). Los procesos de diferenciacion de las celulas neurales y la formacion de circuitos por contactos sinapticos entre neuronas (sinaptogenesis) ocurren en el sistema nervioso central durante las ultimas fases del desarrollo prenatal y los primeros meses despues del nacimiento. Los TEA y el TDAH comparten rasgos biologicos, relacionados con alteraciones en los circuitos cerebrales y la funcion sinaptica, que permiten tratarlos cientificamente de forma conjunta. Desde el aspecto neurobiologico, el TEA y el TDAH son manifestaciones de anomalias en la formacion de circuitos y contactos sinapticos en regiones cerebrales implicadas en la conducta social, especialmente en la corteza cerebral prefrontal. Estas anomalias son causadas por mutaciones en genes involucrados en la formacion de sinapsis y plasticidad sinaptica, la regulacion de la morfologia de las espinas dendriticas, la organizacion del citoesqueleto y el control del equilibrio excitador e inhibidor en la sinapsis. Conclusiones. El TEA y el TDAH son alteraciones funcionales de la corteza cerebral, que presenta anomalias estructurales en la disposicion de las neuronas, en el patron de conexiones de las columnas corticales y en la estructura de las espinas dendriticas. Estas alteraciones afectan fundamentalmente a la corteza prefrontal y sus conexiones.
journal_name
Rev Neuroljournal_title
Revista de neurologiaauthors
Martinez-Morga M,Quesada-Rico MP,Bueno C,Martinez Ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-03-01 00:00:00pages
S97-S102issue
S01eissn
0210-0010issn
1576-6578pii
rn2018033journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The most relevant data presented at the 29th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), held in October 2013 in Denmark, were summarised at the sixth edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Expert Meeting held in Madrid in October 2013, resulting in this review, which is being p...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type:
doi:
更新日期:2014-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The development of scientific advances, constantly opening new frontiers of knowledge, leads to increasing complexity and specialization. DEVELOPMENT:The conflict between the never ending medical specialization and the opposite tendency, which is based mostly on economic grounds, prevents the acquisition ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hirayama disease is a rare children's muscular atrophy that affects young Asian males, with muscular atrophy usually in one of the upper limbs that progresses slowly and later stabilises. It is diagnosed by means of electromyographic/electroneurographic with conduction speed studies (EMG/ENG-CS) and by mag...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The practical application of a questionnaire designed to evaluate the quality of life of an epileptic child, known as the CAVE test, is described. This is the first scale of its kind. The test consists of 8 parameters: conduct, attendance at school, learning, independence, social relationships, frequency o...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE AND SETTING:To describe the prevalence and risk factors for carotid stenosis in TIA/stroke patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and to compare clinical and CT characteristics of TIA/stroke in AF patients with and without carotid stenosis. SUBJECTS:50 TIA/stroke patients with AF who had ultrasoun...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroinflammation is a key process in the neuropathogenesis of AIDS virus since as a result of the aberrant activation of the chemokine receptors (CXCR4, CX3CR1 and CR5) produces proinflammatory cytokine release by infected cells, increases microglial neurotoxicity and generates lipoperoxides and reactive oxygen speci...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-16 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Different patients exhibit wide variability in the way they respond to medications. Individual differences in drug response can result from environmental factors, as well as genetic determinants. In particular, inherited differences in the metabolism and disposition of drugs can have a great influence on the effica...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically transformed cancer treatment. However, due to the increasing number of tumors in which they are used, there is a high number of reported adverse effects. Among them, we highlight neurological side effects. In the approbatory clinical trials, they were thought to be s...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.33588/rn.6807.2019022
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Protein-energy malnutrition continues to affect millions of human beings in developing countries. Children suffer most from the shortage of nutrients because at early ages malnutrition has an important impact on the central nervous system. The changes that malnutrition triggers in the brains of these child...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-03-02 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Piribedil is a D2 D3 dopamine agonist, which has been shown to be well tolerated and to improve Parkinsonian symptoms, particularly tremor. However, few studies have been published about this Dopamine Agonist as an adjunct to levodopa therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This placebo controll...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2004-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Type 1 myotonic dystrophy (MD-1) or Steinert disease is a multisystemic progressive disorder. Studies have shown cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms and a high incidence of anxiety personality traits that compromise both the functionality and the quality of life of these patients. AIM:To describe the ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-12-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cognitive dysfunction in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is still a controversial subject. Since refractory MTLE is considered a surgically remediable syndrome, the neuropsychological assessment to establish the presence of cognitive impairment in the surgical candidate became an important issue, give...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The object of this study to analyse and compare the efficacy of the classic language tasks (repetition, phonological fluency and lexical decision), for the purpose of identifying the dominant hemisphere for language by means of functional magnetic resonance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:The three tasks were performa...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sequencing of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and the measurements of the gene product FMRP, have enabled protein quantification of variations within the FMR1 gene and FMRP-clinical correlations. DEVELOPMENT:This paper will review our knowledge of the regulation of FMR1 gene expression and ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Epilepsy is a common disease with important social and economic repercussions. Patients with epilepsy have traditionally been discriminated by both the general population and physicians. A physician's lack of knowledge about epilepsy could be the cause of an incorrect clinical control (CC). AIMS:The purpo...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review the current treatment and usefulness of lamotrigine in absence seizures. DEVELOPMENT:Absence seizures are classified amongst the generalized epilepsies. They are defined as a transient loss of consciousness of sudden onset and recovery characteristically associated with generalized spike-and-wave d...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients aged 52 and 31 respectively, treated for male infertility with gonadotrophins (LCG/LMG), showed marked improvement of their migraine crises associated with a typical aura which had been present since puberty. Changes in the number, motility and morphology of the spermatozoids were seen in the seminogram. ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Progressive supranuclear palsy is a disease that normally presents only sporadically in adults and courses in a progressive, chronic manner. It is characterised by the presence of supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, postural instability, a Parkinsonian syndrome, pseudobulbar affect, cervical dystonia and cogniti...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper I review the results of the treatments directed to modify the mRNA of dystrophin with the goal of converting the severe Duchenne type to the milder Becker muscular dystrophy. Antisense oligomers potential to modify Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene expression and therapeutic strategies to induce rib...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::At the present time corpus callosotomy is a valuable option in the management of some patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who are not candidates for resective procedures. The records of six patients who underwent callosotomy at 'Hospital Virgen de las Nieves' (Granada, Spain) in the past four years were retrospectiv...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Surgery for resection of supratentorial lesions near the motor areas and/or internal capsule carries an associated risk of damage to cortical or subcortical motor pathways. Intraoperative brain mapping, using direct cortical electric stimulation, is a surgical adjunct used during lesionectomy in functional...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-06-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In clinical practice, it is common to find cases of epileptic women being treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) whom we have to advise on the compatibility of these AEDs with breastfeeding. AIMS:In order to offer correct guidance, we must be well informed about the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.33588/rn.6902.2019037
更新日期:2019-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Transient cognitive disorders (CD) in benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE), the most common of idiopathic partial epilepsy (IPE), may be secondary to interictal epileptiform discharges (IED). OBJECTIVES:To determine incidence and risk factors for persistent TC in students with IE before, during and after antiep...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To present the current concepts of the clinical phenomenology and natural history of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), differential diagnosis with other involuntary movements, its pathogenesis and current management. DEVELOPMENT:GTS is a disorder characterized by a spectrum of both motor and sonic tics, ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The ganglioside GM1 has been shown to be effective in the treatment of experimental cerebral ischemia. Gangliosides from bovine brain have not been used in the treatment of ischemic cerebral accidents. There is evidence suggesting that they may also be effective. RESULTS:Ten minutes of bilateral occlusion...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Understanding how the human motor control operates is an important issue to the neuroscience. One example is how the motor cortex controls muscle activity, which can be observed through corticomuscular coherence (CMC). AIM:Our study aimed to verify the influence of certain factors related to the fine moto...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Latin American medicine in the 16th century produced the first collections of herbs with native plants from the New World. Treatises on popular therapies appeared, which included gallenic remedies as well as incorporating autochthonous plants. We review the main neurological diseases and their treatments d...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (known as statins) have been shown to reduce morbi-mortality of vascular origin, including transitory ischemic accidents and cerebral infarcts, in a large group of patients. The implications, both clinical and of costs, oblige us to consider analysis of the existing evidence and the an...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Inappropriate admissions to a hospital service generate unnecessary costs for our health care service. Most admissions to a hospital service come from the emergency department. The presence of a neurologist to attend hospital emergencies would be an important factor allowing admission criteria to be stream...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Facial emotion recognition refers to a person's interpretation of facial features of another to identify a particular emotional state. It is essential in human evolution and encompasses distinct neural networks. Facial emotion recognition is altered in most neurodegenerative diseases, but literature just focus on sing...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.33588/rn.6905.2019047
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00