Abstract:
:mRNA translation is regulated by diverse mechanisms that converge at the initiation and elongation steps to determine the rate, profile, and localization of proteins synthesized. A consistently relevant feature of these mechanisms is the spatial re-distribution of translation machinery, a process of particular importance in neural cells. This process has, however, been largely overlooked with respect to its potential role in regulating the local concentration of cytoplasmic tRNAs, even as a multitude of data suggest that spatial regulation of the tRNA pool may help explain the remarkably high rates of peptide elongation. Here, we report that Cy3/Cy5-labeled bulk tRNAs transfected into neural cells distribute into granule-like structures - "tRNA granules" - that exhibit dynamic mixing of tRNAs between granules and rapid, bi-directional vectorial movement within neurites. Imaging of endogenous tRNAgly and tRNAlys by fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed a similar granular distribution of tRNAs in somata and neurites; this distribution was highly overlapping with granules imaged by introduction of exogenous Cy5-tRNAthr and Cy3-tRNAval. A subset of tRNA granules located in the cell body, neurite branch points and growth cones displayed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between Cy3 and Cy5-labeled tRNAs indicative of translation, and co-localization with elongation machinery. A population of smaller, rapidly trafficked granules in neurites lacked FRET and showed poor colocalization with translation initiation and elongation factors, suggesting that they are a translationally inactive tRNA transport particle. Our data suggest that tRNAs are packaged into granules that are rapidly transported to loci where translation is needed, where they may greatly increase the local concentration of tRNAs in support of efficient elongation. The potential implications of this newly described structure for channeling of elongation, local translation, and diseases associated with altered tRNA levels or function are discussed.
journal_name
Eur J Cell Bioljournal_title
European journal of cell biologyauthors
Pilotte J,Chan SW,Farnum JB,Thomas WM,Smilansky Z,Vanderklish PWdoi
10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.02.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
168-179issue
3eissn
0171-9335issn
1618-1298pii
S0171-9335(17)30319-9journal_volume
97pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In the present study, immunoelectron microscopy was used to characterize two types of coated vesicles at the trans Golgi reticulum (TGR) of rat early spermatids. Most of the coated vesicles and buds had a 18.4 +/- 0.5 nm thick electron-dense coat. The size of the vesicles without the coat was 102.6 +/- 3.6 nm. This co...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::MUC16/CA125 is over-expressed in human epithelial tumors including ovarian, breast and some other carcinomas. The purpose of this study is to investigate how cell surface MUC16 is functionally involved in tumor progression, with a special focus on the role of its cytoplasmic tail. Forced expression of C-terminal MUC16...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.10.005
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells enriched in different cell cycle compartments by centrifugal elutriation have shown that after exclusion of oxygen, G1- and early S-phase cells are restricted from further cell cycle progression. On addition of a balanced mixture of deoxypyrimidine and deoxypurine nucleosides to ...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gap junctions are transmembrane structures that directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, making intercellular communications possible. It has been shown that the behaviour of several tumours - such as bone tumours - is related to gap junction intercellular communications (GJIC). Several methodologies are avai...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.01.003
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters triggers the remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of podosomes in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Regional control of actin dynamics at specialised microdomains results in a local reduction in contractile forces. The molecular basis for this local inhibit...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2005.08.001
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proprotein Convertase 7 (PC7) is a Furin-like endoprotease that cleaves precursor proteins at basic amino acids. PC7 is concentrated in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) but it shuttles between the plasma membrane and the TGN depending on sequences in the cytoplasmic tail. A short region containing a three amino acids mot...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.010
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigated the effect of plant microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) on microtubule nucleation and growth in vitro. Since it has recently been demonstrated that plant nuclear surface acts as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), we tested the effects of plant MAPs using a nucleus-mediated microt...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcriptional status of cells can be deduced from the staining pattern of various nuclear markers such as the Cajal body, nucleolus and nuclear speckles. In this study we have used these markers to correlate transcriptional status with cell differentiation in the lens. As a closed system with no cell loss and wi...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/0171-9335-00275
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Storage and release of proteins from granules forms the basis of cellular functions as diverse as cell mediated cytotoxicity, neuronal communication, activation of muscle fibres, and release of hormones or digestive enzymes from endocrine and exocrine glands, such as the pancreas. Serglycin is the major intracellular ...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.03.002
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously demonstrated the immunofluorescent localization of the tau and HMW MAPS on microtubules in vivo. When cells were treated with the non-ioni detergent triton before fixation, however treated with the non-ionic detergent triton before fixation, however, the immunofluorescent staining of microtubules wi...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibroblasts from I-cell disease, a genetically-determined lysosomal storage disease, are shown to contain large amounts of phase-dense lysosomes. These lysosomes accumulated acridine orange and were specifically labeled with antibodies to arylsulfatase A. In normal skin fibroblasts the number of arylsulfatase-containi...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To get new insights into the function of the intermediate filament (IF) protein vimentin in cell physiology, we generated two mutant cDNAs, one with a point mutation in the consensus motif in coil1A (R113C) and one with the complete deletion of coil 2B of the rod domain. In keratins and glia filament protein (GFAP), a...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2005.09.019
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and its juvenile splicing variant MAP2c contain a phosphorylation site at Ser136 which is part of a Ser-Pro motif. This site lies within the N-terminal region common to MAP2b and MAP2c. It has been mapped by site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant MAP2c and by a monoclonal ...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adipogenesis is a complex process strictly regulated by a well-established cascade that has been thoroughly studied in the last two decades. This process is governed by complex regulatory networks that involve the activation/inhibition of multiple functional genes, and is controlled by histone-modifying enzymes. Among...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.03.001
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-1 beta (Il-1 beta) and interleukin-1 alpha (Il-1 alpha) were shown to act as motility factors for the human breast carcinoma cell lines SK-BR-3 and ZR-75-1 in vitro. Both cytokines induced transition from the stationary to the motile phenotype (spreading). Il-1 beta stimulated translocation, shape change a...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit the potential to repair a wide variety of injured adult tissues. The migration capability of MSCs is an important determinant of the efficiency of MSC transplant therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly implicated in regulating the migration of MSCs. Herein, we show that the e...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.005
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse epidermal melanoblasts preferentially proliferated from disaggregated epidermal cell suspensions derived from newborn mouse skin in serum-free medium (MPM) supplemented with dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). After 12 days, almost all keratinocytes...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crude protein extracts of Uromyces appendiculatus contain a polypeptide that resembles actin in several ways. This protein eluates from DEAE-cellulose with concentrations of KCl known to release actin of other species from the cation. The polypeptide is recognized by polyclonal antibodies directed to sodium dodecyl su...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytoskeletal components backing the brush border of the rat kidney proximal tubule cell were identified and compared with those of the well characterized intestinal brush border by immuneoverlay and immunocytochemistry. Antibodies reactive against the intestinal microvillus core components, villin and fimbrin, as well...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabbit antisera against homogeneous rat liver thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase (NADPH-oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.6.4.5) were prepared and used for immunohistochemical analysis in adult rats. Immunoreactive thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase were widely distributed in tissues and organs, but va...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite in the kynurenine pathway, is protective against various insults. However, the molecular mechanism of this protective effect has not been identified. In this study, we examined the protective effects of KYNA against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), the best-character...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.03.003
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Procaine-treated eggs can be penetrated by more than one spermatozoon. Supernumerary male pronuclei can fuse with the female one giving raise to multipolar spindles or remain isolated within the egg's cytoplasm forming their own spindle. In all types of multiple mitotic figures (asters and spindles) the distribution o...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins that are concentrated in specific compartments of the endomembrane system in order to exert their organelle-specific function must possess specific localization signals that prevent their transport to distal regions of the exocytic pathway. Some resident proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are kno...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/S0171-9335(04)70025-4
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cartilage matrix protein (CMP), a major noncollagenous component of certain types of hyaline cartilage, is synthesized by chondrocytes in a developmentally regulated manner. In this study, we monitored the accumulation of CMP in the developing chicken limb and sternum by immunostaining. In older embryos, the specific ...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the effects of bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase, on the secretion and intracellular distribution of prolactin in cultured rat pituitary tumor cells (GH3 cells). Pulse-labeling the cells with L-[35S]methionine for 5 min and subsequently incubating in chase medium co...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secretory granules of GH4C1 cells, a rat pituitary tumor cell line, are known to be induced by the treatment of estradiol (E2), insulin, and epidermal growth factor (EGF). We examined changes in the localization of cathepsins B, H, and L, lysosomal cysteine proteinases, in GH4C1 cells before and after hormonal treatme...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transport of the chitin synthase III, Chs3p, to the plasma membrane is temporally and spatially regulated. Chs3p is delivered to the plasma membrane at the beginning of the cell cycle, forming chitin rings, and at the end of the cell cycle, forming the primary septum. During the rest of the cell cycle, it is maint...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2005.10.006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Feeding weanling mice a diet containing 0.5% (w/w) cuprizone (biscyclohexanone oxaldihydrazone) induced megamitochondria of a different type of that previously described (Suzuki, K., Science 163, 81-82 (1969). 2. As in the normal controls, a single population of mitochondria with a narrow size distribution, was det...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have coupled chlorotetracycline (CTC) fluorescence with polarized light microscopic observations of living mitotic endosperm cells of Haemanthus in order to compare the spatial distributions of Ca2+-rich endomembranes in the spindle with that of the kinetochore fibers during metaphase. In either control cells or in...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plastids, an essential group of plant cellular organelles, proliferate by division to maintain continuity through cell lineages in plants. In recent years, it was revealed that the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ is encoded in the nuclear genome of plant cells, and plays a major role in the plastid division proce...
journal_title:European journal of cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/0171-9335-00318
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00