A precisely substituted benzopyran targets androgen refractory prostate cancer cells through selective modulation of estrogen receptors.

abstract：:Diabetes is known to potentiate thioacetamide (TA)-induced liver injury via enhanced bioactivation. Little attention has been given to the role of compensatory tissue repair on ultimate outcome of hepatic injury in diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetes on TA-induced liver inju...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wang T,Fontenot RD,Soni MG,Bucci TJ,Mehendale HM

更新日期：2000-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the capacity of cultured whole rat embryos to convert 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to reactive metabolites capable of eliciting dysmorphogenic effects in the same embryos. Cultured embryos (Sprague-Dawley) were exposed to AAF for periods of 2 or 24 hr, after which metabolites were isolated from the...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Juchau MR,Bark DH,Shewey LM,Greenaway JC

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our previous studies in mice revealed that two weeks short-term toxicity of sodium selenosulfate was significantly lower than that of sodium selenite, but selenium repletion efficacy of both compounds was equivalent. In addition, we showed that sodium selenosulfate reduced nephrotoxicity of cisplatin (CDDP) without co...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Li J,Sun K,Ni L,Wang X,Wang D,Zhang J

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study defines a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model for methyleugenol (ME) in human based on in vitro and in silico derived parameters. With the model obtained, bioactivation and detoxification of methyleugenol (ME) at different doses levels could be investigated. The outcomes of the current model were comp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Al-Subeihi AA,Spenkelink B,Punt A,Boersma MG,van Bladeren PJ,Rietjens IM

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CIL-102 (1-[4-(furo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ylamino)phenyl]ethanone) is the major active agent of the alkaloid derivative of Camptotheca acuminata, with multiple pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects and promotion of apoptosis. The mechanism by which CIL-102 inhibits growth remains poorly understood in hum...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Teng CC,Kuo HC,Cheng HC,Wang TC,Sze CI

更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Juvenile rats have been reported to be more sensitive to the acute neurotoxic effects of the pyrethroid deltamethrin than adults. While toxicokinetic differences between juveniles and adults are documented, toxicodynamic differences have not been examined. Voltage-gated sodium channels, the primary targets of pyrethro...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Meacham CA,Brodfuehrer PD,Watkins JA,Shafer TJ

更新日期：2008-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental pollutant that activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) resulting in altered gene expression. In vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo studies have demonstrated that B cells are directly impaired by TCDD, and are a sensitive target as evidenced by sup...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kovalova N,Nault R,Crawford R,Zacharewski TR,Kaminski NE

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physicochemical complexity of airborne particulate matter (PM) has hampered identifying a specific mechanism(s) for its toxicity. In this study, selected physicochemical characteristics (i.e., size, particle number, acidity, and surface charge) were measured on various field PM, derived from urban ambient (St. Lou...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Veronesi B,de Haar C,Lee L,Oortgiesen M

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD-1 mice were treated ip on Day 10 of gestation with 4, 6, or 7 g/kg ethanol. Maternal and embryonic tissues were analyzed for ethanol and acetaldehyde levels by head-space gas chromatography 5 min to 24 hr after treatment. Dose-dependent ethanol concentrations were observed in maternal blood and liver. Ethanol rapid...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Blakley PM,Scott WJ Jr

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age-dependent changes related to liver injury and regeneration were studied in rats aged 2, 12, and 30 months in a time period of 96 hr following a sublethal dose of thioacetamide (6.6 mmoles/kg body wt). Serum aspartate aminotransferase activity increased earlier in young rats, but the severity of injury was higher i...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sanz N,Díez-Fernández C,Alvarez AM,Fernández-Simón L,Cascales M

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that fumonisin B1 (FB1) inhibits ceramide synthase, resulting in accumulation of free sphinganine and sphingosine. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) plays an important role in FB1 toxicity and the expression of TNFalpha mRNA in liver and kidney is increased following FB1 exposure in mi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： He Q,Riley RT,Sharma RP

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is postulated that nicotine, as the main neurotoxic constituent of cigarette smoke, influences SIDS risk through effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in brainstem nuclei that control respiration and arousal. This study compared α7 and β2 nAChR subunit expression in eight nuclei of the caudal and ro...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Machaalani R,Say M,Waters KA

更新日期：2011-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Intravesical gemcitabine has recently been introduced for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer and has a favourable efficacy and toxicity profile in comparison to mitomycin c (MMC), the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic potency of gemcitabine in compari...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Farr SE,Chess-Williams R,McDermott CM

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter is a phosphorylated glycoprotein (P-gp) that has been implicated in the efflux of a large variety of xenobiotics, thereby protecting vital organs. This study examines the hypothesis that the multidrug resistance transporter is involved in restricting the entry of polychlorina...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tampal NM,Robertson LW,Srinivasan C,Ludewig G

更新日期：2003-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunosuppressive effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on immune responses in rodents, both in vivo and in vitro, have been widely documented. However, few studies have addressed the immunotoxicity of PAHs in the human system. In this report, we examined the toxic effects of nine different PAHs on hu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Davila DR,Romero DL,Burchiel SW

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, the effects of pentavalent dimethylarsinic acid ((CH(3))(2)AsO(OH); DMA(V)) and trivalent dimethylarsinous acid ((CH(3))(2)As(OH); DMA(III)) on synaptic transmission generated by the excitatory Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse were tested in hippocampal slices of young (14-21 day-old) and adult (2-4 mont...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Krüger K,Repges H,Hippler J,Hartmann LM,Hirner AV,Straub H,Binding N,Musshoff U

更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The disposition of [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and its metabolites was studied in mice after iv treatment. In addition, disposition of [3H]DFP in selected tissues was correlated with cholinesterase activity and spontaneous activity following DFP treatment. Within 1 min of administration [3H]DFP had penetrated...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Martin BR

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The embryonic stem cell test (EST) predicts developmental toxicity based on the inhibition of cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC). The subjective endpoint, the long culture duration together with the undefined applicability domain and related predictivity need further improvement to facilitate ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： van Dartel DA,Pennings JL,van Schooten FJ,Piersma AH

更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metals in the environment originate from both human activities and natural processes. Exposure to these metals can result in important changes to immune activity. Depending on the metal and dose, these changes can result in enhanced immune function, diminished immune responses, or altered responses that produce ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lynes MA,Fontenot AP,Lawrence DA,Rosenspire AJ,Pollard KM

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the evaluation of chemical mixture toxicity, it is desirable to develop an evaluation paradigm which incorporates some critical attributes of real world exposures, particularly low dose levels, larger numbers of chemicals, and chemicals from synthetic and natural sources. This study evaluated the impact of low leve...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Charles GD,Gennings C,Tornesi B,Kan HL,Zacharewski TR,Bhaskar Gollapudi B,Carney EW

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nickel (Ni) carcinogenesis is thought to involve gene chip silencing by epigenetic mechanisms. Serpina3g, a member of the mouse serpin family, was among the most down-regulated genes (32-fold) in response to Ni exposure of mouse cells based on the Affymetrix gene chip. Serpina3g down-regulation was controlled by a hyp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhao J,Yan Y,Salnikow K,Kluz T,Costa M

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent report showed that the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling was activated in the pathogenesis of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic fibrosis. Phenylbutyric acid (PBA) is a well-known chemical chaperone that inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) signalin...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wang JQ,Chen X,Zhang C,Tao L,Zhang ZH,Liu XQ,Xu YB,Wang H,Li J,Xu DX

更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a known toxicant and carcinogen. Worldwide arsenic exposure has become a threat to human health. The severity of arsenic toxicity is strongly correlated with the speed of arsenic metabolism (methylation) and clearance. Furthermore, oxidative stress is recognized as a major mechanism for arse...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wang H,Zhu J,Li L,Li Y,Lv H,Xu Y,Sun G,Pi J

更新日期：2017-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that targets skin where it induces large blisters. DNA alkylation is a critical step to explain SM-induced cutaneous symptoms. We determined the kinetics of formation of main SM-DNA adducts and compare it with the development of the SM-induced pathogenesis in skin. SKH-1...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Batal M,Boudry I,Mouret S,Wartelle J,Emorine S,Bertoni M,Bérard I,Cléry-Barraud C,Douki T

更新日期：2013-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Disintegrins and disintegrin-like proteins are molecules found in the venom of four snake families (Atractaspididae, Elapidae, Viperidae, and Colubridae). The disintegrins are nonenzymatic proteins that inhibit cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix interactions, and signal transduction, and may have potential in the tre...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sánchez EE,Galán JA,Russell WK,Soto JG,Russell DH,Pérez JC

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:H-ras oncogenes have been identified in greater than 50% of the most common forms of human neoplasia. Ras-related proteins have been postulated to mediated signal transduction pathways involving mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and nuclear responses that may be involved in the induction of apoptosis. We examine...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Davis MA,Chang SH,Trump BF

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Tiotropium bromide (TB) is a long acting muscarinic receptor antagonist used to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent meta-analyses suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular events with TB. Ca2+/calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and L-type Ca2+ channels regulate Ca2+...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Cassambai S,Mee CJ,Renshaw D,Hussain A

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Distance learning offers many advantages to students and teachers of almost any scientific discipline. Toxicology is no exception. For example, should Paracelsus be interested in learning more about toxicology at Drexel University, he would have the opportunity to take two courses in this subject utilizing the content...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Huggins J,Morris J,Peterson CE

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiotoxin-III (CTX-III), a major cardiotoxin isolated from the venom of the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra), is a highly basic, hydrophobic, toxic protein, which can induce lysis of mononuclear cells by an unknown mechanism. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CTX-III on untreated and PHA-activated...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Su SH,Su SJ,Lin SR,Chang KL

更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the metabolism of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), fast denitration with the formation of nitrite ions and a mononitrate plays an important role. In contrast, the denitration of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) to isosorbide is very slow. Accordingly po administration of high doses of ISDN (92.5 and 236 mg/kg) in con...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Strein K,Bartsch W,Sponer G,Müller-Beckmann B,Lexa P

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00