Abstract:
:The physicochemical complexity of airborne particulate matter (PM) has hampered identifying a specific mechanism(s) for its toxicity. In this study, selected physicochemical characteristics (i.e., size, particle number, acidity, and surface charge) were measured on various field PM, derived from urban ambient (St. Louis, Ottawa, Canada), residential (Woodstove), volcanic dust from Mt. St. Helen (MSH), and industrial [oil fly ash (OFA) coal fly ash (CFA)] sources. Morphometric analysis of visible (< or = 2.0 to >10 microm) field particles indicated that the industrial PM (OFA, CFA) had the smallest diameter and lowest total number of particles per weight while Woodstove and Ottawa had the largest diameter and highest number of particles. All PM lowered the pH of an unbuffered 10 mM NaCl solution from pH 7.4 to pH 4.7-6.8 but did not change the neutral pH of the cell culture medium, keratinocyte growth media (KGM). The surface charge (i.e., zeta potential) of microscopically visible (> or = 2.0 microm) field particles, suspended in either a Hepes-buffered KCl solution or in KGM, was measured by microelectrophoresis. In KCl solution, the mean zeta potential of all tested PM ranged from -36 +/- 2 (Woodstove) to -27 +/- 4.3 mV (MSH). When measured in KGM medium, the mean zeta potential value of each PM was significantly less (p > 0.001) than those measured in KCl solution, with values ranging from -17 +/- 0.3 mV (St. Louis) to -9 +/- 0.6 mV (MSH). Suspensions of field PM, its soluble and washed particulate fractions, were next prepared from each PM. The biological effects (i.e., increases in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), cytokine release) of their exposure were measured in human, immortalized, tracheal-bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to each fraction produced an immediate, but differential increase in [Ca2+]i and the subsequent release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, 4 and 16 h later. Increases in [Ca2+]i by field PM significantly correlated with the IL-6 released by each fraction (r2 > or = 0.76) after both 4 and 16 h exposures. The biological effects of each PM were compared with their physicochemical characteristics. No correlation was found between increases in [Ca2+]i or cytokine release and a PM's acidity or the number or size of its visible (> or = 2.0 microm) particles. However, the surface charge of PM field particles, when measured in the KGM exposure medium, showed a high correlation (r2 > or = 0.94) with the IL-6 release by field PM after both 4 and 16 h exposure. Increases in [Ca2+]i also correlated (r2 = 0.85) with the surface charge of PM field particles when measured in KGM. These data indicate that the surface charge (i.e., zeta potential) carried on PM's visible field particles predicts their differential release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in cultures of human respiratory epithelial cells.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Veronesi B,de Haar C,Lee L,Oortgiesen Mdoi
10.1006/taap.2001.9341subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-02-01 00:00:00pages
144-54issue
3eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041008X0199341Xjournal_volume
178pub_type
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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abstract::Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse which causes neurotoxicity and increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. We previously found that METH induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression in neurons and glial cells, and this offers partial protection against METH toxicity. In this study, we investigated t...
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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abstract::In utero bisphenol A (BPA) exposure affects reproductive function in the first generation (F1) of mice; however, not many studies have examined the reproductive effects of BPA exposure on subsequent generations. In this study, pregnant mice (F0) were orally dosed with vehicle, BPA (0.5, 20, and 50 μg/kg/day) or diethy...
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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abstract::Benzene is a potent hematotoxin and has been shown to cause leukemia in man. Chronic toxicity studies indicate that B6C3F1 mice are more susceptible than F334/N rats to benzene toxicity. The purpose of the studies presented in this paper was to determine if there were metabolic differences between F344/N rats and B6C3...
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abstract::Nitrogen mustard is a vesicant that causes damage to the respiratory tract. In these studies, we characterized the acute effects of nitrogen mustard on lung structure, inflammatory mediator expression, and pulmonary function, with the goal of identifying mediators potentially involved in toxicity. Treatment of rats (m...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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abstract::Zinc pretreatment has been shown in vitro (rat myoblasts) to induce metallothionein (MT) and inhibit cadmium (Cd)-induced protooncogenes c-myc and c-jun mRNA levels. therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the mRNA expression of the protooncogene c-jun as well as the tumor suppressor gene p53 is ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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