Determination of the proximate teratogen of the mouse fetal alcohol syndrome. 2. Pharmacokinetics of the placental transfer of ethanol and acetaldehyde.

abstract：:After a fire involving a transformer, the State Office Building in Binghamton, New York, was contaminated with soot containing polychlorinated biphenyls, biphenylenes, naphthalenes, dioxins, and dibenzofurans. The toxicity of the soot and its effect on liver morphology after prolonged (subchronic) exposure were determ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Turner JN,Collins DN

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laboratory studies have described the carcinogenicity of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in rodents and epidemiological evidence suggests an association between FB1 (a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme) and cancer in humans. This study was designed to reveal in rainbow trout, a species with very low spontaneous tumor inci...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Carlson DB,Williams DE,Spitsbergen JM,Ross PF,Bacon CW,Meredith FI,Riley RT

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to excessive manganese (Mn) levels leads to neurotoxicity, referred to as manganism, which resembles Parkinson's disease (PD). Manganism is caused by neuronal injury in both cortical and subcortical regions, particularly in the basal ganglia. The basis for the selective neurotoxicity of Mn is not yet fully un...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Milatovic D,Gupta RC,Yu Y,Zaja-Milatovic S,Aschner M

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pretreatment of rats with the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1254 or phenobarbital markedly increased the duodenal ulcerogenic action of acrylonitrile. The extent of forestomach and hepatic lesions in these rats, on the other hand, was not modified. The duodenal ulcers produced by Aroclor 1254 and acrylonitril...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Szabo S,Silver EH,Gallagher GT,Maull EA

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:6-Hydroxy-trans,trans-2,4-hexadienal (CHO-M-OH) is a metabolite of trans,trans-muconaldehyde (muconaldehyde or MUC), a microsomal hematotoxic ring-opened metabolite of benzene. In the present study, the toxicity of CHO-M-OH was examined. In order to assess potential toxic effects of CHO-M-OH on the maturation of eryth...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhang Z,Schafer F,Schoenfeld H,Cooper K,Snyder R,Goldstein BD,Witz G

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In rat hepatocytes and isolated liver mitochondrial fractions, Cyclosporine A (CsA) is often used as a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca(2+) release and as a specific blocker of mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability transition (MPT), which are all processes involved in the inhibition of apoptosis. How...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Grub S,Persohn E,Trommer WE,Wolf A

更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin is the largest and most accessible drug-metabolizing organ. In mammals, it is the competent barrier that protects against exposure to harmful stimuli in the environment and in the systemic circulation. Skin expresses many cytochromes P450 that have critical roles in exogenous and endogenous substrate metabolism. ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Du L,Hoffman SM,Keeney DS

更新日期：2004-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The specificity of two major types of cytochrome P-450 of rat liver microsomes induced by phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) toward activation of three 14C-labeled tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) isomers to protein-bound metabolites was examined by intact microsomal and reconstituted monooxygenase systems. The...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shimada T,Sawabe Y

更新日期：1983-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Diethyl maleate (DEM) pretreatment has previously been shown to result in a transient depletion of lung glutathione and an associated decrease of the time to the onset of rat mortality resulting from exposures to 100% oxygen in vivo. The effects of oxygen exposure on mitochondrial energy metabolism were assessed by me...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bassett DJ,Reichenbaugh SS

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Health agencies are often required to predict the effects of long term low level exposure in humans based on annual data involving short-term high-level exposures. Uncertainties in extrapolation can be, in part, based on potentially different mechanism associated with different exposure scenarios. This study evaluated...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Crofton KM,Padilla S,Tilson HA,Anthony DC,Raymer JH,MacPhail RC

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) has been increasingly used as an experimental tool to assess involvement of reactive oxygen species in cell signaling and is being evaluated as a preventive and therapeutic agent for cancer and pulmonary diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress. However, a detaile...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sekharam M,Trotti A,Cunnick JM,Wu J

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental risk assessment requires models for estimating the bioaccumulation of untested compounds. So far, bioaccumulation models have focused on lipophilic compounds, and only a few have included hydrophilic compounds. Our aim was to extend an existing bioaccumulation model to estimate the oral uptake efficiency...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： O'Connor IA,Huijbregts MA,Ragas AM,Hendriks AJ

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approaches for extrapolating in vitro toxicity testing results for prediction of human in vivo outcomes are needed. The purpose of this case study was to employ in vitro toxicokinetics and PBPK modeling to perform in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of lindane neurotoxicity. Lindane cell and media concentrations...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Croom EL,Shafer TJ,Evans MV,Mundy WR,Eklund CR,Johnstone AF,Mack CM,Pegram RA

更新日期：2015-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DC) are known to play a major role during contact allergy induced by contact sensitizers (CS). Our previous studies showed that Nrf2 was induced in DC and controlled allergic skin inflammation in mice in response to chemicals. In this work, we raised the question of the role of Nrf2 in response to a s...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： El Ali Z,Deloménie C,Botton J,Pallardy M,Kerdine-Römer S

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were exposed to saline or cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 25, 100, or 400 micrograms/kg body weight by intratracheal instillation. At 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure five animals/treatment were euthanized, the lungs were lavaged, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Driscoll KE,Maurer JK,Poynter J,Higgins J,Asquith T,Miller NS

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infants exposed to second hand smoke (SHS) experience more problems with wheezing. This study was designed to determine if perinatal SHS exposure increases intrinsic and/or in vivo airway responsiveness to methacholine and whether potential structural/cellular alterations in the airway might explain the change in resp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Joad JP,Kott KS,Bric JM,Peake JL,Pinkerton KE

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous studies link arsenic exposure to human cancers in a variety of tissues, including the prostate. Our prior work showed that chronic arsenic exposure of the non-tumorigenic, human prostate epithelial cell line, RWPE-1, to low levels of (5 microM) sodium arsenite for 29 weeks resulted in malignant transformation...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Benbrahim-Tallaa L,Waterland RA,Styblo M,Achanzar WE,Webber MM,Waalkes MP

更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Technical grade dinitrotoluene (DNT) is hepatocarcinogenic when fed to rats. DNT is oxidatively metabolized by hepatic enzymes and reductively metabolized by rat intestinal microflora in vitro. The objectives of the present studies were to determine the importance of bile as a route of excretion for DNT metabolites an...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Medinsky MA,Dent JG

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Montelukast (MK),a cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT1) receptor antagonist, latterly exhibited a remarkable neuroprotective activity in various neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to elucidate the neuroprotective effect of MK in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) model in rats. Ninety six male rats were spli...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mansour RM,Ahmed MAE,El-Sahar AE,El Sayed NS

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent and widely distributed environmental pollutants that have various deleterious effects, e.g., neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption and reproductive abnormalities. In order to verify the hypothesis that the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways play important roles in hepat...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Liu C,Yang J,Fu W,Qi S,Wang C,Quan C,Yang K

更新日期：2014-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Several pesticides and fungicides commonly used to control agricultural and indoor pests are highly suspected to display endocrine-disrupting effects in animals and humans. Endocrine disruption is mainly caused by the interference of chemicals at the level of steroid receptors: it is now well known that many of these ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Molina-Molina JM,Hillenweck A,Jouanin I,Zalko D,Cravedi JP,Fernández MF,Pillon A,Nicolas JC,Olea N,Balaguer P

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protection against the toxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption was observed in male guinea pigs maintained on a high-ascorbic-acid diet (vitamin C-deficient chow plus 2.0 mg ascorbic acid/ml drinking water) as compared to animals on a low-ascorbic-acid diet (vitamin C-deficient chow and from 0.025 to 0.050 mg asc...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Susick RL Jr,Abrams GD,Zurawski CA,Zannoni VG

更新日期：1986-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous reports from our laboratory indicated that prophylactic protection against cyanide intoxication in mice can be enhanced by administration of chlorpromazine when it is given with sodium thiosulfate. The mechanism of potentiation of sodium thiosulfate by chlorpromazine was studied alone and in combination with ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kong A,Shen A,Burrows G,Sylvester D,Isom GE,Way JL

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Administration of thiourea to mature male rats at a dosage of 3.5 mg/kg (ip) produced marked pleural effusion by 2 hr (3-4 ml). Pretreatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) significantly reduced this pleural effusion (less than 0.5 ml). Despite this unequivocal effect, there was no corresponding reductio...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hollinger MA

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nodularin is a natural toxin with multiple features, including inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A as well as tumor initiator and promoter. One unique feature of nodularin is that this chemical is a hepatotoxin. It can accumulate into the liver after contact and lead to severe damage to hepatocyte, such as apop...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Feng G,Li Y,Bai Y

更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins which contaminate cereals and their by-products worldwide. Previous studies have stated toxic effects of DON on liver. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a potential role in protecting liver and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. Therefore, a study on the poten...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Peng Z,Liao Y,Chen L,Liu S,Shan Z,Nüssler AK,Yao P,Yan H,Liu L,Yang W

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the effect of cadmium exposure on maternal and fetal zinc metabolism, rats were exposed to 0, 5, 50, or 100 ppm Cd in the drinking water on Days 6 through 20 of pregnancy. In comparison to controls, fetal and maternal weights were slightly reduced in the 50- and 100-ppm groups, but not the 5-ppm group. Multip...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sorell TL,Graziano JH

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Occupational exposure to low molecular weight chemicals, like trimellitic anhydride (TMA), can result in occupational asthma. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are among the first cells to encounter inhaled compounds. These cells can produce many different mediators that have a putative role in asthma. In this study, we exam...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Valstar DL,Schijf MA,Nijkamp FP,Storm G,Arts JH,Kuper CF,Bloksma N,Henricks PA

更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the protective effects of curcumin on tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (TCBQ)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. TCBQ-treatment causes significant liver injury (the elevation of serum AST and ALT activities, histopathological changes in liver section including centrilobular necrosis and inflammatory cel...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Xu D,Hu L,Su C,Xia X,Zhang P,Fu J,Wang W,Xu D,Du H,Hu Q,Song E,Song Y

更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated that mice lacking a functional folate binding protein 2 gene (Folbp2-/-) were significantly more sensitive to in utero arsenic exposure than were the wild-type mice similarly exposed. When these mice were fed a folate-deficient diet, the embryotoxic effect of arsenate was further exa...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Spiegelstein O,Gould A,Wlodarczyk B,Tsie M,Lu X,Le C,Troen A,Selhub J,Piedrahita JA,Salbaum JM,Kappen C,Melnyk S,James J,Finnell RH

更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00