Abstract：
BACKGROUND:A series of research reports has indicated that the use of substances such as cannabis, alcohol and tobacco are higher in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis than in controls. Little is known about the longitudinal trajectory of substance use, and findings on the relationship between substance use and later transition to psychosis in CHR individuals are mixed. METHOD:At baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-ups, 735 CHR and 278 control participants completed the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale and a cannabis use questionnaire. The longitudinal trajectory of substance use was evaluated with linear mixed models. RESULTS:CHR participants endorsed significantly higher cannabis and tobacco use severity, and lower alcohol use severity, at baseline and over a 1-year period compared with controls. CHR youth had higher lifetime prevalence and frequency of cannabis, and were significantly younger upon first use, and were more likely to use alone and during the day. Baseline substance use did not differentiate participants who later transitioned to psychosis (n = 90) from those who did not transition (n = 272). Controls had lower tobacco use than CHR participants with a prodromal progression clinical outcome and lower cannabis use than those with a psychotic clinical outcome at the 2-year assessment. CONCLUSIONS:In CHR individuals cannabis and tobacco use is higher than in controls and this pattern persists across 1 year. Evaluation of clinical outcome may provide additional information on the longitudinal impact of substance use that cannot be detected through evaluation of transition/non-transition to psychosis alone.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Buchy L,Cadenhead KS,Cannon TD,Cornblatt BA,McGlashan TH,Perkins DO,Seidman LJ,Tsuang MT,Walker EF,Woods SW,Heinssen R,Bearden CE,Mathalon D,Addington Jdoi
10.1017/S0033291715000227subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
2275-84issue
11eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978pii
S0033291715000227journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究abstract：BACKGROUND:Excessive worry is required by DSM-IV, but not ICD-10, for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). No large-scale epidemiological study has ever examined the implications of this requirement for estimates of prevalence, severity, or correlates of GAD. METHOD:Data were analyzed from the US Nationa...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291705005908
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is considerable debate surrounding the effective measurement of DSM-IV symptoms used to assess manic disorders in epidemiological samples. METHOD:Using two nationally representative datasets, the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, n=43,093 at wave 1, n=34,653 at...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291709992005
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies evaluating depression's role in lung cancer risk revealed contradictory findings, partly because of the small number of cases, short follow-up periods, and failure to account for key covariates including smoking exposure. We investigated the association of depressive symptoms with lung cancer risk in...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291720004390
更新日期：2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Virtual reality (VR) may enhance the effectiveness of psychological interventions for acute pain. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of VR-based interventions for pain associated with medical procedures. METHODS:We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO until...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291719001855
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High expressed emotion (EE) in families reliably predicts relapse in schizophrenia leading to the assumption that high EE stresses patients and is the cause of relapse. Attempts at validating the stressful properties of high EE using autonomic skin conductance measures have been inconclusive. Since memory lo...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0033291799002718
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Retrospective studies have consistently indicated an association between maladaptive parenting and borderline personality disorder (BPD). This requires corroboration with prospective, longitudinal designs. We investigated the association between suboptimal parenting and parent conflict in childhood and BPD s...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291712000542
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To date, there has been no large-scale survey of geriatric depression (GD) involving both rural and urban areas in China using standardized assessment tools and diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to determine the 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of GD and sociodemographic correlates in urban and rur...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291708003164
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Belief inflexibility is a thinking style observed in patients with schizophrenia, in which patients tend to refute evidence that runs counter to their prior beliefs. This bias has been related to a dominance of prior expectations (prior beliefs) over incoming sensory evidence. In this study we investigated t...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291712000384
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:White matter (WM) impairments have been reported in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and those at high familial risk of developing BD. However, the distribution of these impairments has not been well characterized. Few studies have examined WM integrity in young people early in the course of illness and i...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291716001161
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Depression is associated with alterations of emotional and cognitive processing, and executive control in particular. Previous research has shown that depressed patients are impaired in their ability to shift attention from one emotional category to another, but whether this shifting deficit is more evident ...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291711002418
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several lines of evidence indicate a role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the modulation of eating behaviour. Therefore, alterations in the physiology of this neurotrophin may be involved in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. In the present study, we investigated serum levels of BDNF in...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0033291704003368
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CANTAB battery of neuropsychological tests was used to compare the performance of 28 patients with unipolar depression with that of 22 age and IQ matched controls. The patients were impaired on almost all tests studied with deficits in pattern and spatial recognition memory, matching to sample, spatial span, spati...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0033291700035303
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol is commonly considered to be associated with persistence of common mental disorder (CMD; anxiety/depression). However no community-based longitudinal studies have investigated the direction of causality. METHOD:We examined the association between alcohol consumption and recovery from CMD using data ...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291707002000
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were compared with assaultive behaviour by 46 psychiatric patients. Significant relationships were found between CPK level and violent behaviour prior to admission and CPK level and seclusion as a danger to others while in hospital. No relationship was found between CPK level ...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0033291700003275
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Complicated grief is a distinct psychological response of individuals facing the loss of a loved one and can lead to many types of adverse health outcomes. Although social support may be beneficial, few studies have examined the beneficial effects of helpful support on complicated grief following bereavement...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1017/S0033291715001658
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The association between cigarette smoking and psychosis remains unexplained, but could relate to causal effects in both directions, confounding by socioeconomic factors, such as ethnicity, or use of other substances, including cannabis. Few studies have evaluated the association between cigarettes and psycho...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291717001556
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Controlled prospective studies of the simultaneous long-term outcome of several mental disorders are rare. This study sought to determine if there were important differences between the outcome of anxiety and depressive disorders after 12 years and to examine their main predictors. METHOD:A cohort of 210 pe...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0033291704002569
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Genetic studies of single gene variants have been criticized as providing a simplistic characterization of the genetic basis of illness risk that ignores the effects of other variants within the same biological pathways. Of candidate biological pathways for schizophrenia (SZ), the cell adhesion molecule (CAM...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291713002663
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age and sex-adjusted first admission rates for operationally-defined schizophrenia and other non-affective psychosis in different ethnic groups were calculated over the period 1988-1992 in a defined catchment area in South London. Standardized rates for schizophrenia, corrected for age- and gender-related under-report...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0033291700033845
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Breathlessness in asthma often cannot be explained with objective variables indicating airways obstruction. The hypothesis that unrealistic breathlessness results from false interpretation of sensations was tested. METHODS:Sixty-four children and adolescents with asthma, aged 9-18 years, were randomly assig...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1017/s0033291798007764
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Children of parents with mood and psychotic disorders are at elevated risk for a range of behavioral and emotional problems. However, as the usual reporter of psychopathology in children is the parent, reports of early problems in children of parents with mood and psychotic disorders may be biased by the par...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291719001089
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Depression can impair the immunogenicity of vaccine administration in adults. Whereas many vaccinations are administered in childhood, it is not known whether adolescent or adult onset depression is associated with impairments in the maintenance of protection of childhood vaccines. This study tested the hypo...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291718000661
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationships among symptoms, cognitive functioning and social functioning were investigated in 60 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. Positive symptoms were unrelated to cognitive measures. Disorganization and depressive symptoms were correlated significantly with Card Sorting performance. Furthermore, only...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0033291700025514
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data from a general population survey of psychiatric disorder in Camberwell were used to calculate the risk of a CATEGO-defined depressive episode before the age of 65, using a modification of Strömgren's method. Current depression was defined as cases within the relevant categories of the CATEGO program and at thresh...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0033291700012435
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Victims of war captivity sometimes suffer from complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a unique form of PTSD that entails various alterations in personality. These alterations may involve changes in attachment orientation. METHOD:The sample comprised two groups of veterans from the 1973 Yom Kippur Wa...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291708002808
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis (FEP) tend to be subtle and widespread. The vast majority of previous studies have used small samples, and therefore may have been underpowered. In addition, most studies have examined participants at a single research site, and therefore the results m...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291719003568
更新日期：2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent cross-sectional studies have shown psychotic experiences (PEs) are associated with suicidal ideation and behaviours. We aimed to examine associations between psychotic experiences (including persistent PE), and contemporaneous and incident non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts. METHOD:...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291714001615
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous research suggests that genetic influences on disordered eating may be greater in pubertal than pre-pubertal girls. Although these findings are consistent with pubertal activation of genetic influences on disordered eating, earlier studies were unable to directly test this hypothesis. The purpose of ...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291707000189
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Assaultive violence events are associated with increased risk for adverse psychiatric outcomes, including post-traumatic stress (PTS), depression, and generalized anxiety. Prior research has indicated that economic, legal, and social stressors that could follow assaultive events may explain the increased ris...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0033291717001143
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite the demonstrable influence of both genes and the family environment on children's behavioural and emotional development, the mechanisms by which these factors are transmitted from parents to their children are not known. Numerous aspects of the family have long been associated with behavioural and em...
journal_title：Psychological medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0033291703008948
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
