Abstract:
:Age and sex-adjusted first admission rates for operationally-defined schizophrenia and other non-affective psychosis in different ethnic groups were calculated over the period 1988-1992 in a defined catchment area in South London. Standardized rates for schizophrenia, corrected for age- and gender-related under-reporting in the 1991 census and a 20% underestimate of the size of the ethnic minority populations in the area, were not only higher in the Afro-Caribbean group (SMR: 3.1; 95% C1:2.0-4.7), but also in the African group (SMR: 4.2; 95% C1: 2.8-6.2). It was further found that higher rates were not specific to schizophrenia. These findings suggest that some common factor associated with ethnic minority membership is important in producing an excess of psychotic illness.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Van OS J,Castle DJ,Takei N,Der G,Murray RMdoi
10.1017/s0033291700033845subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
203-8issue
1eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Committee on Chronotherapeutics, delegated by the International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD), makes the following recommendations after reviewing the evidence as of November 2004. (1) Wake therapy is the most rapid antidepressant available today: approximately 60% of patients, independent of diagnostic s...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1017/s003329170500437x
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a retrospective case note study, 73 young females with anorexia nervosa were compared with 88 young females with affective psychosis. These groups of patients did not differ in terms of place of residence, birth order or social class. They differed very significantly, however, in terms of age at onset of symptoms, ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700013295
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are no risk models for the prediction of anxiety that may help in prevention. We aimed to develop a risk algorithm for the onset of generalized anxiety and panic syndromes. METHOD:Family practice attendees were recruited between April 2003 and February 2005 and followed over 24 months in the UK, Spain...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291710002400
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although symptoms such as fatigue, headache and pain in bones and muscles are common after disasters, risk factors for these symptoms among disaster survivors have rarely been studied. We examined predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors for these physical symptoms among survivors of a man-made d...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329170700133X
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Seeking compensation has been shown to have an adverse effect on the psychological health and recovery of injured patients, however, this effect requires clarification. METHODS:A total of 2019 adults sustaining a traffic injury were recruited. Of these, 709 (35.1%) lodged a compensation claim. Interviews oc...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329172000166X
更新日期:2020-06-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are considerable differences between and within countries in the involvement of general practitioners (GPs) in psychosocial care. This study aimed to describe the self-perceived role of GPs in 30 European countries as the first contacted professional for patients with psychosocial problems. and to exam...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329179900851x
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence from high-income countries suggests that childhood trauma is associated with schizophrenia. Studies of childhood trauma and schizophrenia in low and middle income (LMIC) countries are limited. This study examined the prevalence of childhood traumatic experiences among cases and controls and the rela...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719001703
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but access to CBT is limited. Internet-based CBT (ICBT) with therapist support is potentially a more accessible treatment. There are no randomized controlled trials testing ICBT for OCD. The aim of this study ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291712000244
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To date, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made little impact on the diagnosis and monitoring of psychoses in individual patients. In this study, we used a support vector machine (SVM) whole-brain classification approach to predict future illness course at the individual level from MRI data obtained at th...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002005
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Decreased white matter (WM) integrity in patients with psychotic disorder has been a consistent finding in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies. However, the contribution of environmental risk factors to these WM alterations is rarely investigated. The current study examines whether individuals with (incre...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S0033291718001320
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preclinical and human studies suggest an association between chronic inflammation and the development of depressive behaviors. This is proposed to occur through downstream effects of inflammatory cytokines on neuroplasticity, neurogenesis and neurotransmitter function, although the neural correlates remain p...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719002940
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is clearly established that emotional events tend to be remembered particularly vividly. The neurobiological substrates of this phenomenon are poorly understood. Recently, the noradrenergic system has been implicated in that beta blockade has been shown to reduce significantly the delayed recall of emotio...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291799008703
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals with high and low susceptibility to hypnosis were compared in a baseline condition and after instructions of hypnosis on tests of anterior left and right hemispheric functions--word fluency to letter categories, word fluency to semantic categories, design fluency and bilateral finger tapping dexterity. Wit...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700038885
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non-clinical psychosis-like symptoms (PLIKS) occur in about 15% of the population. It is not clear whether adverse events during early development alter the risk of developing PLIKS. We aimed to examine whether maternal infection, diabetes or pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, gestational age, perinatal cardiop...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708005126
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In resource-poor countries, there remains an alarming treatment gap for people with schizophrenia, particularly those living in rural areas. Decentralization of mental health services, including community-based outreach programmes, represents one obvious strategy for bringing appropriate care to these commun...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291704003551
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Childhood trauma is a non specific risk factor for adult eating disorders (ED), and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis seems to mediate such a risk. Here we explored the impact of different types of childhood trauma and of traumatic load on the cortisol awakening response (CAR) of women with anore...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717002409
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often, but not always, persists into adulthood. Investigations of the associations between clinical and biological markers of persistence can shed light on causal pathways. It has been proposed that compensatory improvements in executive neuropsychological func...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713001761
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aberrant functional connectivity within the default network is generally assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD); however, the genetic risk of default network connectivity in OCD remains largely unknown. METHOD:Here, we systematically investigated default network...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713002250
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few population studies have investigated the functional disabilities that accompany specific psychiatric diagnoses. This study assesses the nature and strength of current and residual impairments in various functional domains of life. METHODS:Data were derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and I...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291799001841
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although psychiatric patients with eating disorders are known to be at risk for a variety of health problems, relatively little is known about eating disorders and associated health problems in other populations. An epidemiological study was conducted to investigate health problems and impairment associated ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/s0033291701004640
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although positive effects of physical activity on mental health indicators have been reported, the relationship between physical activity and the development of specific mental disorders is unclear. METHOD:A cross-sectional (12-month) and prospective-longitudinal epidemiological study over 4 years in a comm...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329170700089X
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1017/S003329171600355X
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty patients with Parkinson's disease underwent a detailed assessment of their psychiatric state using a standardized, semi-structured interview, the Present State Examination. Analysis of the interviews yielded a profile of depressive and neurotic syndromes. Comparing the results with population norms, however, rev...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700013246
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Difficulties in set-shifting are commonly reported in both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) populations. Despite this, it is not known whether this cognitive profile persists across different ages, or whether the profiles seen in ASD and AN are comparable. This systematic review and meta-analys...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291716000581
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cannabis use is considered a component cause of psychotic illness, interacting with genetic and other environmental risk factors. Little is known, however, about these putative interactions. The present study investigated whether an urban environment plays a role in moderating the effects of adolescent canna...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711000511
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aggression has been suggested to be related to abnormal brain 5-HT activity. This amine is synthesized in brain from tryptophan, which is transported through the blood-brain barrier in competition with other amino acids. The relationship between tryptophan and its endogenous amino acid competitors in plasma ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291796003935
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis (FEP) tend to be subtle and widespread. The vast majority of previous studies have used small samples, and therefore may have been underpowered. In addition, most studies have examined participants at a single research site, and therefore the results m...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719003568
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The theory that many diseases were produced by focal infection or chronic sepsis enjoyed a brief vogue in general medicine in the first quarter of the twentieth century. This paper explores its practical applications in psychiatry, which extended well into the 1930s. The analysis focuses particularly closely on the ac...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700025824
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a primary care worker-led psychological intervention as the main feature of a collaborative stepped care for depression that is effective, affordable, culturally acceptable, tailored to patients' clinical condition and easily integrate-able into the pri...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291718002970
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sternberg's Memory Scanning Test (MST) is a useful paradigm for evaluating the speed and efficiency of information processing in working memory. Unfortunately, the classical MST has major drawbacks for use in applied settings such as the clinic. For example, its administration time is long and the test is to...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291707000360
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00