Abstract:
:Data from a general population survey of psychiatric disorder in Camberwell were used to calculate the risk of a CATEGO-defined depressive episode before the age of 65, using a modification of Strömgren's method. Current depression was defined as cases within the relevant categories of the CATEGO program and at threshold level or above on the Index of Definition (Wing et al. 1978). A past history of depression was elicited using key symptoms such as persistent tearfulness and depressed mood, already enquired after in the course of the PSE, to identify potential episodes, followed by questions to determine accessory symptoms, duration, and degree of social impairment. Clinical judgement was then used to decide whether the disturbance constituted a significant depressive episode. Risk under one set of assumptions was 46% for men and 72% for women. Using another method based on (untenably) conservative assumptions, it became 16% and 30% respectively. The status and implications of these high values are discussed, particularly for genetic studies.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Bebbington P,Katz R,McGuffin P,Tennant C,Hurry Jdoi
10.1017/s0033291700012435subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-05-01 00:00:00pages
393-400issue
2eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:A long-standing issue in the health anxiety literature is the extent to which health anxiety is a dimensional or a categorical construct. This study explores this question directly using taxometric procedures. METHOD:Seven hundred and eleven working adults completed an index of health anxiety [the Whiteley ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708003322
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the demonstrable influence of both genes and the family environment on children's behavioural and emotional development, the mechanisms by which these factors are transmitted from parents to their children are not known. Numerous aspects of the family have long been associated with behavioural and em...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291703008948
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Referral rates to psychiatric services in North-East Scotland by 147 individual urban and rural general practitioners were calculated. Among city doctors, the greater the number of years since qualification the more patients were referred. Single-handed city doctors also had very high referral rates. Subsequent interv...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700030865
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prior optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies of schizophrenia have identified thinning of retinal layers. However, findings have varied across reports, and most studies have had serious methodological limitations. To address unresolved issues, we determined whether: (1) retinal thinning in schizophrenia ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717003555
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Individual-level measures of acculturation (e.g. age of immigration) have a complex relationship with psychiatric disorders. Fine-grained analyses that tap various acculturation dimensions and population subgroups are needed to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of action for the association betwee...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716000763
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abnormal perceptions of food and shape underpin the cognitive behavioural model of eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this study was to investigate motivational processing of disorder-specific and standard emotional cues in anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) using startle eyeblink modulation (SEM). SEM w...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291706008129
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This experiment examines two aspects of delusional cognition that have been reported clinically but not investigated empirically. These are the incorporation of potentially conflicting information into the recall of delusion-related scripts and the type and amount of material produced additional to that pres...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170200538x
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brown and his colleagues have presented evidence for the social origins of depression from results of 2 community surveys in Camberwell. This paper examines critically their methodology, conceptualization of variables, mode of argument and statistical techniques. Log-linear analysis of their published data fails to su...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170001878x
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function was investigated in 72 patients with primary depression. Forty-four per cent of the patients demonstrated abnormal suppression of their cortisol levels after a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test. Patients with abnormal suppression ('non-suppressors') were not cle...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700019711
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey over 2 years of all Police Referrals (Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983) in an inner-city health district identified 163 cases, with a core group of repeat referrals. Previous psychiatric admissions, a diagnosis of schizophrenia, social deprivation, and a bias towards young men of Afro-Caribbean ethni...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700038204
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Belief in free will has been a mainstay in philosophy throughout history, grounded in large part in our intuitive sense that we consciously control our actions and could have done otherwise. However, psychology and psychiatry have long sought to uncover mechanistic explanations for human behavior that challenge the no...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291713002985
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neuropsychological impairment is a common finding in schizophrenia. However, a significant proportion of patients are not impaired in conventional neuropsychological tests. In this study, we investigated whether remitted patients with schizophreniform disorder exhibited dysfunctions in specific cognitive tas...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291703008754
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanisms that contribute to emotion dysregulation in anxiety disorders are not well understood. Two common disorders, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD), were examined to test the hypothesis that both disorders are characterized by hypo-activation in prefrontal cortex (PFC) duri...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291712002383
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty-eight boys, referred for psychiatric treatment because of serious problems of behaviour, underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate and placebo. Methylphenidate was an effective treatment over a 3-week period. A good response to methylphenidate was predicted by higher level...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700013039
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) run a high risk of becoming chronically ill and of dying. In the acute phase of their illness they present with numerous physical and laboratory abnormalities. However, little is known about the long-term prognostic value of these findings or about the medical morbidity in...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291796004394
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which frequently persists into adulthood. The primary goal of the current study was to (a) investigate attentional functions of stimulant medication-naïve adults with ADHD, and (b) investigate the effects of 6 weeks of methylphe...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291718003628
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monthly hospital admission rates (HA) for mania were classified by sex, type of admission (first, or re-admission) and by country (England and Wales or Scotland). Of the 8 classes thus created, all but one showed a statistically significant annual cycle with a peak in Summer and trough in Winter. There was no signific...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170001610x
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few population studies have investigated the functional disabilities that accompany specific psychiatric diagnoses. This study assesses the nature and strength of current and residual impairments in various functional domains of life. METHODS:Data were derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and I...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291799001841
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depressed adults. CBT interventions are complex, as they include multiple content components and can be delivered in different ways. We compared the effectiveness of different types of therapy, different components and combinations of components and asp...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S003329171900120X
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with reduced life expectancy in patients with affective disorders, however, whether MetS also plays a role before the onset of affective disorder is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether MetS, inflammatory markers or oxidative stress act as risk factors for affectiv...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329171900182X
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper analyses patterns of episodes of anxiety and depression as recorded by 22 general practices which took part in the Second National Morbidity Survey (RCGP, 1980). The data comprise 6 years' records. Simple Markov chains are fitted to each age-group of men and women, and the inter-practice variation in the re...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700051643
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was studied in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Among 2985 subjects, the lifetime and six month prevalence figures for PTSD were 1.30 and 0.44% respectively. In comparison to non-PTSD subjects, those with PTSD had significantly greater job instability, family history of psyc...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700022352
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Emotional Stroop tasks have shown attention biases of clinical populations towards stimuli related to their condition. Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a neuropsychiatric condition with social and communication deficits, repetitive behaviours and narrow interests. Social deficits are particularly striking, includin...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291706007203
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A community survey of psychiatric disorder carried out in South London enabled the authors to investigate the 'vulnerability model' proposed by Brown & Harris (1978). In the current study none of the 'vulnerability factors' proposed by Brown & Harris fulfilled the requirements of the model. It was, however, found that...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700003603
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Learning and memory impairments in older adults with depression are linked to hippocampal atrophy. However, other subcortical regions may also be contributing to these deficits. We aimed to examine whether anterior caudate nucleus volume is significantly reduced in older adults with depression compared to co...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716000787
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The World Mental Health Survey Initiative (WMHSI) has advanced our understanding of mental disorders by providing data suitable for analysis across many countries. However, these data have not yet been fully explored from a cross-national lifespan perspective. In particular, there is a shortage of research o...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713001116
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Suicide is a leading cause of death and has been strongly associated with affective disorders. The influence of affective disorder polarity on subsequent suicide attempts or completions and any differential effect of suicide risk factors by polarity were assessed in a prospective cohort. METHOD:Participants...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S0033291708004078
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The diagnosis of certain psychiatric syndromes (e.g. panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder) is crucially dependent on the psychosocial context in which they arise. For other syndromes (e.g. schizophrenia), the context is generally irrelevant. Should the diagnosis of major depression (MD) be made depe...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291709990845
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The experience of childhood trauma is linked to more severe symptoms and poorer functioning in severe mental disorders; however, the mechanisms behind this are poorly understood. We investigate the relationship between childhood trauma and sleep disturbances in severe mental disorders including the role of s...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720000914
更新日期:2020-04-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients may present with cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase of affective disorder, but it is unclear whether the impairment is prevalent before onset of the illness. The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that genetic liability to affective disorder is associated with cognitive i...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291706007896
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00