Abstract：
:A hemodynamic mechanism has long been assumed to play an important role in watershed infarction. In recent years, however, clinical evidence has indicated that an embolic mechanism is involved. The mechanism by which emboli are trapped preferentially in watershed areas remains unclear. In the present study, we developed a mouse embolus model using fluorescent microspheres with different diameters and evaluated the role of the microspheres' diameters in the generation of a watershed-patterned distribution. We injected fluorescent microspheres of four different diameters (i.e., 13, 24, 40, and 69 μm) into the internal carotid artery of C57BL/6 mice either (1) without ligation of the common carotid artery (normal perfusion pressure model: NPPM) or (2) with ligation of the common carotid artery (low perfusion pressure model: LPPM). Left common carotid artery ligation induced reductions in local cerebral blood flow in both the periphery and the core area of the left middle cerebral artery. A greater reduction in the border-zone area between the left anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery was also noted. After 24 h, the brains were removed and the distribution of the microspheres in the brain was evaluated using a fluorescence microscope. The 24-μm microspheres were distributed in the watershed area more frequently than the other microsphere sizes (P < .05, ANOVA followed by Tukey's test). Meanwhile, the distribution rates were similar between the NPPM and LPPM models for all microsphere sizes. This study suggested that the distribution pattern of the microspheres was only affected by the microspheres' diameters.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Tsukada N,Katsumata M,Oki K,Minami K,Abe T,Takahashi S,Itoh Y,Suzuki Ndoi
10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-15 00:00:00pages
109-115eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(17)30532-2journal_volume
1679pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:Intraocular injections of several different retrograde tracers were made in albino rats. Retrogradely filled neurons were observed in two locations: the medial pretectal area and the contralateral periaqueductal grey matter, indicating that the pretectum and the mesencephalon are sources of centrifugal innervation to ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90046-0
更新日期：1985-02-11 00:00:00
abstract：:In the sea hare, Aplysia californica, consummatory feeding behavior is selectively abolished by bilateral crushes of the cerebral-buccal connectives and recovers by postlesion day 13. Recovered biting responses are initially weak and increase in magnitude gradually with time. The lesions do not affect appetitive feedi...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)91217-3
更新日期：1992-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Deltamethrin is a highly potent pyrethroid insecticide that causes hypersensitivity, choreoathetosis, tremors, and paralysis in mammals. It is known to modify the sodium channel in such a way as to prolong the tail current associated with step repolarization following a depolarizing pulse. Using the axial-wire voltage...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)90879-e
更新日期：1992-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Although extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins play important roles in neural development, their levels are generally believed to decrease in the adult brain. Immunohistochemical analysis indicates that the anti-adhesive ECM glycoprotein SPARC/osteonectin, which contains a follistatin 'module,' is expressed in the ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)00101-u
更新日期：1995-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The Thy-1 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found in neural tissue of all mammalian species so far studied. The distribution and amount of this antigen has been measured on 4 human neuronal and 2 neuroglial cell lines and on fresh tumour cells of neuronal origin. In 3 out of 4 neuronal lines (LAN-1, TR14, CHP 212...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)90727-2
更新日期：1982-03-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies indicate that women have a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) even after adjustment for age. Though transgenic mouse models of AD develop AD-related amyloid beta (Abeta) and/or tau pathology, gender differences have not been well documented in these models. In this study, we found that fem...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.079
更新日期：2008-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The search for the neural substrate of a state of consciousness has led to the expectation that there may be neurons which discharge tonically and rhythmically during that state alone. We have now recorded in the cat the first evidence of neurons whose rhythmic discharge is consistent with the hypothesis of a tonicall...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(77)90900-3
更新日期：1977-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Horeradish peroxidase was injected at multiple sites in the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in order to label the preganglionic salivatory neurons in the brain stem. The same injections resulted in retrograde labeling of the sympathetic and sensory neurons that project to these glands. Labeled fusiform and m...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(80)90092-x
更新日期：1980-05-12 00:00:00
abstract：:This study has assessed the neuroprotective efficacy of five AP-1 inhibitory peptides in an in vitro excitotoxicity model. The five AP-1 inhibitory peptides and controls of the JNK inhibitor peptide (JNKI-1D-TAT) and TAT cell-penetrating-peptide were administered to primary cortical neuronal cultures prior to kainic a...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.007
更新日期：2010-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Application of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the proximal stump of the transected infraorbital (IO) nerve in the orbit was employed in normal adult rats to demonstrate the ganglionic representation of and brainstem innervation by the trigeminal (V) branch which supplies primarily the mystacial vibrissae. In the V ga...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(83)90970-8
更新日期：1983-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OC...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(81)90277-8
更新日期：1981-08-24 00:00:00
abstract：:We used rabbit antisera against manganese (Mn)-superoxide dismutase for immunohistochemical studies of localization in the rat neostriatum. Immunostaining was intense in large-sized neurons and several medium-sized neurons, but it was moderate to weak in other cells. Double immunostaining with monoclonal antibody to c...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(91)90618-6
更新日期：1991-05-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The carotid body of the mouse is ideally suited for in vitro photometric and fluorometric studies using transillumination. It is small, thin and translucent. Photometric recordings were made by using a dual wavelength method. Wavelengths of 550 nm (maximal absorbance, MA) and 540 nm (isosbestic point, IP) were employe...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90019-8
更新日期：1985-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The locus coeruleus was stimulated in 62 cats in order to investigate the effect on cephalic blood flow and cephalic vascular resistance. Flow was measured by electromagnetic flow probes applied to the common carotid artery. Stimulation over a range of frequencies (0.2-200 s-1) produced a frequency-dependent fall in c...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(83)90236-6
更新日期：1983-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of 2-day and 7-day cortisol treatment on immunoreactive corticotropin (ACTH) and beta-endorphin concentrations were measured in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum in male rats. Plasma ACTH, beta-endorphin, corticosterone, and cortisol levels were also measured in parallel. Corti...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(89)90853-6
更新日期：1989-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effects of stria terminalis (ST) lesions on glucocorticoid-induced modulation of memory formation for inhibitory avoidance training and spatial learning in a water maze. Systemic (s.c.) posttraining injections of the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg) enhanced memo...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)01305-9
更新日期：1996-02-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Epileptic discharge patterns in an acute experimental model of epilepsy were analyzed. Epileptic foci were induced by epicortical application of penicillin on the rat motor cortex in vivo. Patterns with regular 1/s discharges, patterns with irregular discharges of about 0.5/s as well as compound patterns comprising di...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(93)90221-8
更新日期：1993-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies on the processing of fractions and proportions focused mainly on the processing of their overall magnitude information in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). However, the IPS is also associated with domain-general cognitive functions beyond processing overall magnitude, which may nevertheless be involved ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.029
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) is a glucose analogue that inhibits intracellular utilization of glucose and produces a characteristic behavioral response known as glucoprivic feeding. The area postrema (AP) is a caudal hindbrain structure shown previously to be involved in 2DG-induced glucoprivic feeding. In addition, periph...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00528-9
更新日期：1998-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Sheep with guide tubes implanted over the brain lateral ventricles, in order to facilitate episodic sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), were used to determine the effects of increasing cranial blood osmolality or electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to zinc. Zinc acetat...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(90)90513-b
更新日期：1990-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Ginseng is one of most extensively used traditional oriental medicines worldwide with beneficial efficacy on cognitive function disorders. Pharmacological researches on its active ingredient--ginsenoside Rg1 revealed that it can improve learning and memory potentially via modulating neurotransmission in the central ne...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.096
更新日期：2010-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of noxious and non-noxious limb stimulations on the second exteroceptive suppression of voluntary temporalis muscle activity (ES2) were studied in healthy human volunteers. Duration of temporalis ES2 was measured on averaged rectified responses obtained after stimulating the labial commissure at an intensi...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(94)90970-9
更新日期：1994-09-19 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the in vitro effects of neurotransmitters, high KCl as well as sialic acid-containing compounds (GM1; SC) on transglutaminase (TG) activity in isolated superior cervical ganglia (SCG) one week after denervation or axotomy. Following denervation, TG activity in SCG decreased to 83% of the unoperated control...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(93)90352-n
更新日期：1993-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Much evidence suggests that the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) functions as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The CCKa receptor subtype in the nucleus accumbens has been demonstrated to potentiate the behavioral and neurophysiological effects of dopamine. Since the mesolimbic dopa...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)00918-g
更新日期：1995-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The glutamate terminals in rat rostral neostriatum were removed on one side by ipsilateral frontal cortical ablation. Intraperitoneal administration of L-methioninesulfoximine (MSO), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, induced different changes in amino acid concentration in the rostral neostriatum on the intact and...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90261-6
更新日期：1985-07-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Transplanted embryonic stem (ES) cells can be integrated into the retinas of adult mice as well-differentiated neuronal cells. However, the integrated ES cells also have a tumorigenic effect just because they have the ability for multipotential differentiation to various types of tissues. Thus, control of neoplastic p...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.079
更新日期：2006-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this investigation was to determine whether an ingredient of green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could attenuate oxidative stress-induced degeneration of the retina as occurs in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma. Initial in vitro studies on brain membranes showed that EGCG was appro...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.067
更新日期：2006-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Hippocampal cholinergic neurons are sensitive to acute ethanol administration, and specific alterations are seen in the functioning of these neurons following chronic ethanol. The present study examined the effects of chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal on the sensitivity of the hippocampus to local injection of p...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90500-1
更新日期：1985-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitotoxic effects leading to neuronal cell degeneration are often accompanied by a prolonged increase in the intracellular level of Ca(2+) ions and L-glutamate-induced toxicity is assumed to be mediated via a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism. Due to their buffering properties, EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding proteins (CaBPs) can a...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02753-1
更新日期：2002-08-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve growth activities in rat sciatic nerves were assayed by recording the neuritic outgrowth from chick embryonic ganglia cultured in collagen gels beside nerve fragments for two days. Living nerve explants released activity that resembled nerve growth factor (NGF) in its effect on sympathetic ganglia and that was a...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)90141-x
更新日期：1982-08-19 00:00:00
