Abstract:
BACKGROUND:We sought to clarify the etiological contribution of genetic and environmental factors to total criminal behavior (CB) measured as criminal convictions in men and women, and to violent (VCB), white-collar (WCCB) and property criminal behavior (PCB) in men only. METHOD:In 21 603 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry, we obtained information on all criminal convictions from 1973 to 2011 from the Swedish Crime Register. Twin modeling was performed using the OpenMx package. RESULTS:For all criminal convictions, heritability was estimated at around 45% in both sexes, with the shared environment accounting for 18% of the variance in liability in females and 27% in males. The correlation of these risk factors across sexes was estimated at +0.63. In men, the magnitudes of genetic and environmental influence were similar in the three criminal conviction subtypes. However, for violent and white-collar convictions, nearly half and one-third of the genetic effects were respectively unique to that criminal subtype. About half of the familial environmental effects were unique to property convictions. CONCLUSIONS:The familial aggregation of officially recorded CB is substantial and results from both genetic and familial environmental factors. These factors are moderately correlated across the sexes suggesting that some genetic and environmental influences on criminal convictions are unique to men and to women. Violent criminal behavior and property crime are substantially influenced respectively by genetic and shared environmental risk factors unique to that criminal subtype.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Kendler KS,Maes HH,Lönn SL,Morris NA,Lichtenstein P,Sundquist J,Sundquist Kdoi
10.1017/S0033291714002098subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
2253-62issue
11eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978pii
S0033291714002098journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The overlap between anxiety and major depressive disorder (MDD), the increased risk for depression and anxiety in offspring of depressed parents, the sequence of onset with anxiety preceding MDD, and anxiety as a predictor of depression are well established. The specificity of anxiety disorders in these rela...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708002894
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelet MAO activity was found to be elevated in primary depressive illness, and the severity to correlate positively with MAO activity. The reactive depression subgroup's mean platelet MAO activity was not significantly different from that of the controls. The endogenous group's unipolar and bipolar subgroups had si...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700034048
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reward dysfunction is a major dimension of depressive symptomatology, but it remains obscure if that dysfunction varies across different reward types. In this study, we focus on the abnormalities in anticipatory/consummatory processing of monetary and social reward associated with depressive symptoms. METHO...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720003967
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Difficulties in regulating emotions are linked to the core symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). We therefore investigated the neural substrates of emotion-regulation problems in women with PMDD. METHODS:On the basis of self-evaluations over 2 months on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717003270
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) has made major advances in the molecular etiology of MDD, confirming that MDD is highly polygenic. Pathway enrichment results from PGC meta-analyses can also be used to help inform molecular drug targets. Prior to any knowledge of molecular biomarkers for MDD, drugs ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719000618
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Personality characteristics of 87 parents of autistic probands and 38 parents of Down's syndrome probands were examined using a standardized personality interview. Using best-estimate ratings derived from subject and informant interviews, parents of autistic individuals were rated significantly higher than controls on...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700027938
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increase in plasma prolactin which follows intravenous administration of L-tryptophan (LTP) was used to assess changes in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) function in normal male and female subjects, following a three week period of dieting. In women, but not men, there was a marked increase in the prolactin respo...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700000635
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expressed emotion (EE) measure is a robust predictor of relapse in schizophrenia. At least twelve studies from a range of cultures have now shown this, although the authors of one maintain their findings are the result of confounding factors. A thirteenth study which failed to demonstrate a predictive effect was s...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700009831
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little research has examined genetic and environmental contributions to psychopathic personality traits. Additionally, no studies have examined etiological connections between psychopathic traits and the broad psychopathological domains of internalizing (mood and anxiety) and externalizing (antisocial behavi...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291704004180
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent anthropological studies have documented the importance of understanding the relation of culture to the experience of mental illness. The use of interviews that elicit explanatory models has facilitated such research, but currently available interviews are lengthy and impractical for epidemiological st...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291798007065
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanisms that contribute to emotion dysregulation in anxiety disorders are not well understood. Two common disorders, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD), were examined to test the hypothesis that both disorders are characterized by hypo-activation in prefrontal cortex (PFC) duri...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291712002383
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several conceptual models have been considered for the assessment of personality pathology in DSM-5. This study sought to extend our previous findings to compare the long-term predictive validity of three such models: the five-factor model (FFM), the schedule for nonadaptive and adaptive personality (SNAP), ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002601
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Based on prevalence studies and the few incidence studies of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) the prevalence and incidence of these disorders have been claimed to be increasing. METHOD:The annual and age-specific prevalence and incidence rates of childhood autism, atypical autism, Asperger's disorde...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291704002387
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effects of cognitive behavioural therapy of anxiety disorders on depression has been examined in previous meta-analyses, suggesting that these treatments have considerable effects on depression. In the current meta-analysis we examined whether the effects of treatments of anxiety disorders on depression ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0033291716002348
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term 'pseudohallucination' is currently used to name imaginal experiences whose relationship to one another and to hallucinations 'proper' remains obscure. Clinicians, including specialists in psychopathology, disagree on how pseudohallucination must be defined and on its diagnostic role. Empirical research is unl...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700037776
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Substantial variability in age at onset of illness and course of illness exists between patients with schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest that age at illness onset may be useful in defining biologically and clinically distinct subgroups of patients. METHODS:Two hundred and ten males with schizophrenia wer...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291797006405
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a minority of traumatized individuals. Attention biases to threat and abnormalities in fear learning and extinction are processes likely to play a critical role in the creation and/or maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. However, the relationship between these...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711001565
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Principal component analysis was applied to data relating to depressive experiences collected from a general population sample. The structure of depression found in the general population showed strong similarities to that found in the psychiatric population. There were, however, important differences. Four substantia...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700047346
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly heterogeneous and can be classified as treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or antidepressant-responsive depression (non-TRD) based on patients' responses to antidepressant treatment. Methods for distinguishing between TRD and non-TRD are critical clinical concerns. ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719001223
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The extant major psychiatric classifications, DSM-IV and ICD-10, are purportedly atheoretical and largely descriptive. Although this achieves good reliability, the validity of a medical diagnosis is greatly enhanced by an understanding of both risk factors and clinical history. In an effort to group mental d...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291709990304
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite markedly different clinical presentations, few studies have reported differences in neuropsychological functioning between mania and depression. Recent work has suggested that differences may emerge on cognitive tasks requiring affective processing, such as decision-making. The present study sought t...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291701003804
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A monotonous voice is produced by schizophrenic patients whose expression of emotion is damped down and by patients with a severe degree of depression. Clinically, the distinction between these two diagnostic entities is virtually impossible to establish auditorily on the basis of voice quality alone. The laryngograph...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700041349
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) queries about thoughts of death and self-harm, but not suicidality. Although it is sometimes used to assess suicide risk, most positive responses are not associated with suicidality. The PHQ-8, which omits Item 9, is thus increasingly used in research. We ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719001314
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aims of the present study were to examine serum activities of peptidases, i.e. prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), in patients with fibromyalgia and to examine the effects of subchronic treatment with sertraline on these variables. METHOD:Serum PEP and DPP IV activity were m...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291798006801
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent condition and a risk factor for developing a major depressive episode. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy may be a promising approach for the treatment of subthreshold depression. The current study had two aims: (1) to determine whether an internet-based ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291707000542
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is a study of the criterion validity of a newly developed computerized assessment (PROQSY) of minor psychological morbidity based on the Clinical Interview Schedule, employing a single GP's assessments as criterion measures of such morbidity and Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Two-stage screenin...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700011193
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To estimate the lifetime prevalence and potential determinants of psychotic experience(s) (PEs) in the general population of Qatar - a small non-war afflicted, conservative, high-income, middle-eastern country with recent rapid urbanization including an influx of migrants. METHODS:A probability-based sample...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719000977
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The neurocognitive deficits and other correlates of problem gambling are also observable in individuals with lower cognitive abilities, suggesting that a low IQ may be a determinant of problem gambling. There has been very little research into this possibility. This study aimed to investigate the characteris...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713002195
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Psychological models of conversion disorder (CD) traditionally assume that psychosocial stressors are identifiable around symptom onset. In the face of limited supportive evidence such models are being challenged. METHOD:Forty-three motor CD patients, 28 depression patients and 28 healthy controls were asse...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716000714
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) played a major role in the foundation of modern psychiatric nosology. Much of his contribution, historically contextualized within the enlightenment generally and post-Revolutionary France more specifically, can be summarized through five themes in his background, education and writings. Fir...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720004183
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00