Abstract:
NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) is a bidirectional forward and backward motion of the arterial wall; however, there is no evidence in humans for what controls CALM despite proposals for pulse pressure, left ventricular motion and shear rate. What is the main finding and its importance? Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion responses were heterogeneous when manipulating sympathetic activation and endothelium-independent vasodilatation, leading to non-significant group responses. However, individual CALM responses were associated with left ventricular rotation and shear rate. These findings are important when interpreting changes in CALM in humans with acute or chronic experimental designs. Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) has recently attracted interest as an indicator of arterial health; however, the regulation of CALM is poorly understood. We conducted a series of studies aimed at manipulating pulse pressure (PP), left ventricular (LV) motion and carotid shear rate, which have been previously suggested to regulate various components of CALM pattern and magnitude. To determine the regulatory influences on CALM, 15 healthy men (22 ± 2 years old) were exposed to three acute interventions: the serial subtraction test (SST); the cold pressor test (CPT); and exposure to sublingual nitroglycerine (NTG). The SST elicited increases in PP (P < 0.01), apical LV rotation (P < 0.01) and carotid shear rate (P < 0.01), with no changes in CALM (P > 0.05). Likewise, the CPT elicited increases in PP (P = 0.01), basal LV rotation (P = 0.04) and carotid shear rate (P = 0.01), with no changes in CALM (P > 0.05). Conversely, exposure to NTG elicited no change in PP (P = 0.22), basal (P = 0.65) or apical LV rotation (P = 0.45), but did decrease carotid shear rate (P < 0.01), without altering CALM (P > 0.05). Considerable individual variability in CALM responses prompted further analyses where all three interventions were pooled for change scores. Changes in LV basal rotation were related to changes in systolic retrograde CALM (B = -0.025, P = 0.03), whereas changes in carotid shear rate were related to changes in diastolic CALM displacement (B = 0.0009, P = 0.01). The interventions were underpinned by relationships between CALM and both LV basal rotation and local shear rate at the individual level, indicating that cardiac and haemodynamic factors may influence CALM in humans.
journal_name
Exp Physioljournal_title
Experimental physiologyauthors
Au JS,Bochnak PA,Valentino SE,Cheng JL,Stöhr EJ,MacDonald MJdoi
10.1113/EP086621subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00pages
141-152issue
1eissn
0958-0670issn
1469-445Xjournal_volume
103pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The renal medulla contains more mRNA of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) than the cortex, which may be important in preventing ischaemic injury, since blood flow and tissue oxygen tension are normally low in this region. We examined the effects of the bacterial endotoxin E. coli lipopolysaccharide...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/eph8702289
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Does blockade of the IL-6 receptor by tocilizumab inhibit immune cell mobilization to the blood stream in humans during an acute bout of exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Blockade of IL-6 receptor signalling by tocilizumab attenuates mobiliza...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088864
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Do individuals with a patent foramen ovale (PFO+ ) have a larger alveolar-to-arterial difference in P O 2 ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088750
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? A transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced twitch applied on isolated single breaths over the motor cortex somatotopic representation of the tongue briefly recruits submental muscles and improves airflow dynamics of flow-limited respiratory cycles without ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2013.073072
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dorsal horn of the spinal cord plays an important role in transmitting information from nociceptive primary afferent neurones to the brain; however, our knowledge of its neuronal and synaptic organisation is still limited. Nociceptive afferents terminate mainly in laminae I and II and some of these contain substan...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/eph8702351
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? In fever, the most striking response in the acute phase reaction of systemic inflammation, plasma H2 S concentration increases. However, the role of endogenous peripheral H2 S in fever is unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? Endogenous peripheral...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP086775
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? To what extent focal abdominal aortic aneurysmal (AAA) disease is associated with systemic remodelling of the vascular tree remains unknown. The present study examined whether anatomical differences exist between distances of the intervisceral artery origins and ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP085804
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A considerable body of evidence indicates that the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) is an important regulatory signal in epithelial ion transport. [Cl-]i regulates the open channel probability of sodium and chloride channels, the rate of chloride channel recycling to the apical membrane, cell volume homeo...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.031823
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) and sodium (Na+i) have been made in single smooth muscle cells in confluent cultures of the A7r5 cell line using the Ca(2+)- and Na(+)-sensitive dyes Fura-2 and sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI). Reversal of the Na+ gradient in control cells results in a small ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1992.sp003625
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cessation of milk removal causes mammary tissue involution, which in rodents is characterized by extensive tissue degeneration and loss of the majority of luminal epithelial cells by apoptosis. In contrast, bovine mammary tissue shows little histological evidence of tissue remodelling between lactations. In this study...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1997.sp004075
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the topic of this review? We discuss tools available to access genome-wide data sets that harbour cell-specific, brain region-specific and tissue-specific information on exon usage for several species, including humans. In this Review, we demonstrate how to access this information in genome databas...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/EP085129
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidants have been suggested to enhance contractile function in unfatigued muscle. In this study we aimed to determine the effect of oxidants on "chemically skinned" diaphragm muscle fibre bundles. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and contractile proteins were exposed to superoxide anions (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/eph8602109
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise induces a marked increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA and protein expression within skeletal muscle fibres. Interleukin-8 belongs to a subfamily of CXC chemokines containing a Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif. CXC chemokines with ELR motifs are potent angiogenic factors in vivo, and IL-8 has been shown to act as an a...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2006.034769
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? There is an ethical imperative to optimize analgesia protocols for laboratory animals, but this is impeded by our inability to recognize pain reliably. We examined whether the Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS) provides benefits over a standard welfare scoring system for ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2014.083139
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments were performed to investigate, in the normal and acutely inflamed rabbit knee joint, the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of joint blood flow, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, as well as their modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction. Close intra-arterial injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1994.sp003745
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a cotransmitter with classical transmitters in most nerves in the peripheral and central nervous systems, although the proportions vary between tissues and species and in different developmental and pathophysiological circumstances. There was early evidence that ATP was released toge...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2008.043620
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Does hsa_circ_001653 influence the development of gastric cancer (GC) and if so how? What is the main finding and its importance? Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of differentially expressed hsa_circ_001653 in GC and adjacent normal tissues, and this...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088399
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Brain blood vessels contain muscarinic receptors that are important for cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, but whether a cholinergic receptor mechanism is involved in the exercise-induced increase in cerebral perfusion or affects cerebral metabolism remains unknown. We evaluated CBF and cerebral metabolism (from ar...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.054346
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of afferent chemosensory fibres of the carotid body to individual chemostimuli have long been established. However, the mechanisms underlying the multiplicative interactions of these stimuli (i.e. how the combined effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia exert a greater effect on afferent nerve discharge than ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2003.002657
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appreciation for the role of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors in cardiovascular disease is accelerating rapidly. Recent experimental work has unveiled a strong relationship between brain mineralocorticoid receptors and sympathetic drive, an important determinant of outcome in heart failure and hypertension....
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2008.045948
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Do GABA receptors play any role at the neuromuscular junction? What is the main finding and its importance? In the presence of either ionotropic or metabotropic GABA receptor antagonists, diaphragm muscle force production elicited by stimulating the motor nerve a...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP087611
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of body posture on post-submaximal exercise parasympathetic reactivation and to examine whether this influence was preserved under a heightened sympathetic background. On four occasions, eleven moderately trained subjects (22.1 +/- 3.0 years old) performed, in r...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2009.048041
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? What are the cellular and molecular determinants of increased risk for cardiovascular disease from prolonged sitting? What is the main finding and its importance? Prolonged sitting, independent of calf raise interruption strategies, decreases microparticle counts...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088690
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we tested the hypothesis that, compared to young adult rats, senescent rats have a reduced ability to respond to muscle unloading. Unloading of the muscles was induced by hindlimb suspension (HS) of young adult and senescent rats for 21 days. Plantaris muscles from young adult rats had significantly high...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/eph8602235
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The modulation of activity of the upper airway dilator and respiratory muscles plays a key role in the regulation of ventilation, but little is known about the link between their neuromuscular activation processes in vivo. This study investigated genioglossus and diaphragm responses to transcranial magnetic ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2007.037572
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension caused by chronic infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) in experimental animals is likely to be mediated, at least in part, by an elevation of ongoing sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). However, the contribution of SNA relative to non-neural mechanisms in mediating Ang II-induced hypertension is an area of i...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2009.047399
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxia has been reported to increase arterial potassium concentration ([K+]a) in anaesthetized cats (Paterson, Estavillo & Nye, 1988). The purpose of this study was to determine whether this phenomenon occurs in humans. The effect of hypoxia on [K+]a was measured in ten male subjects, at rest and during light exercis...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1994.sp003759
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inward transport of two purines, adenosine and hypoxanthine, at 37 degrees C by horse erythrocytes was compared. No mediated transport of adenosine was detected in horse erythrocytes, nor was saturable, high-affinity binding of the potent facilitated-diffusion inhibitor nitrobenzylthioinosine demonstrable in horse...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1998.sp004104
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vasoregulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptors in the circulation of the submandibular gland (SMG) of rats was studied. The glandular blood flow was determined by means of laser Doppler flowmetry and rubidium isotope technique. The data obtained by these two methods correlated...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/eph8702330
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma 2H accumulation was measured in six male volunteers after ingestion of drinks containing trace amounts of 2H2O. Subjects fasted overnight and remained seated at rest or exercised on a cycle ergometer at 42, 61 or 80% of their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2, max). The rate of plasma 2H accumulation was faster at res...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1990.sp003419
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00