Abstract:
UNLABELLED:The expression of the antiviral host cell factor tetherin is induced by interferon and can inhibit the release of enveloped viruses from infected cells. The Vpu protein of HIV-1 antagonizes the antiviral activity of tetherin, and tetherin antagonists with Vpu-like activity have been identified in other viruses. In contrast, it is incompletely understood whether tetherin inhibits influenza A virus (FLUAV) release and whether FLUAV encodes tetherin antagonists. Here, we show that release of several laboratory-adapted FLUAV strains and a seasonal FLUAV strain is inhibited by tetherin, while pandemic FLUAV A/Hamburg/4/2009 is resistant. Studies with a virus-like particle system and analysis of reassortant viruses provided evidence that the viral hemagglutinin (HA) is an important determinant of tetherin antagonism but requires the presence of its cognate neuraminidase (NA) to inhibit tetherin. Finally, tetherin antagonism by FLUAV was dependent on the virion context, since retrovirus release from tetherin-positive cells was not rescued, and correlated with an HA- and NA-dependent reduction in tetherin expression. In sum, our study identifies HA and NA proteins of certain pandemic FLUAV as tetherin antagonists, which has important implications for understanding FLUAV pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE:Influenza A virus (FLUAV) infection is responsible for substantial global morbidity and mortality, and understanding how the virus evades the immune defenses of the host may uncover novel targets for antiviral intervention. Tetherin is an antiviral effector molecule of the innate immune system which can contribute to control of viral invasion. However, it has been unclear whether FLUAV is inhibited by tetherin and whether these viruses encode tetherin-antagonizing proteins. Our observation that several pandemic FLUAV strains can counteract tetherin via their HA and NA proteins identifies these proteins as novel tetherin antagonists and indicates that HA/NA-dependent inactivation of innate defenses may contribute to the efficient spread of pandemic FLUAV.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Gnirß K,Zmora P,Blazejewska P,Winkler M,Lins A,Nehlmeier I,Gärtner S,Moldenhauer AS,Hofmann-Winkler H,Wolff T,Schindler M,Pöhlmann Sdoi
10.1128/JVI.00615-15subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
9178-88issue
18eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.00615-15journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The complete DNA sequence of bovine adenovirus type 3 is reported here. The size of the genome is 34,446 bp in length with a G+C content of 54%. All the genes of the early and late regions are present in the expected locations of the genome. However, the late-region genes are organized into seven families, instead of ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.2.1394-1402.1998
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined the influence of the V1/V2 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 on certain biologic properties of the virus. We observed that on the genomic background of the T-cell-line-tropic strain, HIV-1SF2mc, both the V1 and V2 domains of the macrophage-tropic strain, HIV-1SF162mc, in ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.4.2253-2259.1994
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abstract::Despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), low-level viremia (LLV) may be intermittently detected in most HIV-infected patients. Longitudinal blood plasma and resting CD4(+) T cells were obtained from two patients on suppressive ART to investigate the source of LLV. Single-genome sequencing of HIV-1 env from LLV...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00284-11
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abstract::Using resistance to the base analog 8-azaguanine as a genetic marker, we showed that adenovirus type 2, but not adenovirus type 12, is mutagenic at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus of cloned diploid rat liver epithelial cells. Adenovirus type 2 increased the frequency of 8-azaguanine-resistant colonies...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.46.1.131-136.1983
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genomic RNA of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 encodes three polyproteins, Gag, Gag-Pro, and Gag-Pro-Pol, which are translated as a result of no, one, and two frameshifts, respectively. In this report we demonstrate that the 77 residues encoded at the C terminus of the Gag-Pro precursor can be collectively dete...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.24.13101-13105.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We sequenced the leftmost 2,640 base pairs of bacteriophage P4 DNA, thus completing the sequence of the 11,627-base-pair P4 genome. The newly sequenced region encodes three nonessential genes, which are called gop, beta, and cII (in order, from left to right). The gop gene product kills Escherichia coli when the beta ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.1.24-36.1990
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) encodes a novel noncoding polyadenylated nuclear (PAN) RNA (also known as T1.1 or nut-1) during the early phase of lytic replication. PAN RNA is the most abundant transcript of HHV-8, comprising 80% of total poly(A)-selected transcript...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.7.3129-3140.2001
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abstract::Infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can result in the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). HTLV-2 is highly related to HTLV-1 at the genetic level and shares a high degree of sequen...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01513-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01708-19
更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.19.3.1080-1089.1976
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The S protein of bovine coronavirus (BCV) has been isolated from the viral membrane and purified by gradient centrifugation. Purified S protein was identified as a viral hemagglutinin. Inactivation of the cellular receptors by sialate 9-O-acetylesterase and generation of receptors by sialylation of erythrocytes with N...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.11.6232-6237.1991
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retroviruses are believed to induce tumors by acting as insertional mutagens that activate expression of cellular protooncogenes. Indeed, almost 90% of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-induced mammary tumors in C3H/He mice show upregulation of Int protooncogenes. We have analyzed three different MMTV variants [MMTV(C3...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.19.8876-8883.2000
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rotavirus infection is one of the most common causes of diarrheal illness in humans. In neonatal mice, rhesus rotavirus (RRV) can induce biliary atresia (BA), a disease resulting in inflammatory obstruction of the extrahepatic biliary tract and intrahepatic bile ducts. We previously showed that the amino acid arginine...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00510-17
更新日期:2017-07-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.1.37-46.1996
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.6.3609-3615.1992
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To analyze intrauterine transmission, MT-2 cells, a human T-cell line producing human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), were injected into eight pregnant F344 rats, and cesarean section was performed at day 23 of pregnancy. HTLV-I provirus was detected by PCR in the liver and spleen taken from one of the eight fe...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.2.1302-1305.1995
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the members of the paramyxovirus family, the transcription process and the components involved have been studied under in vitro conditions thus far. Here, we reexamined the function of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase through infection studies with Sendai virus (SeV) N and P deletion (Delta) mutants. To el...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00914-07
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.11.7367-7373.1994
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02380-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defined segments of the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein (gp45) of equine infectious anemia virus were expressed as TrpLE fusion proteins and examined for their reactivity in Western immunoblots against a diverse panel of equine immune sera. The most immunogenic region of gp45 was localized to its amino terminus, p...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.2.1013-1018.1991
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early protein IE1 is an abundant 72-kDa nuclear phosphoprotein that is thought to play an important role in efficient triggering of the lytic cycle, especially at low multiplicity of infection. The best-known properties of IE1 at present are its transient targeting to punct...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.22.10683-10695.2001
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is gaining momentum as a gene therapy vector for human applications. However, there remain impediments to the development of this virus as a vector. One of these is the incomplete understanding of the biology of the virus, including nuclear targeting of the incoming virion during initial i...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02723-05
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00896-12
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.3.1856-1867.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.9.5691-5695.1992
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nef genes of the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and the related simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) encode a protein (Nef) whose role in virus replication and cytopathicity remains uncertain. As an attempt to elucidate the function of nef, we characterized the nucleotide and corre...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.8.4639-4650.1993
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously demonstrated that the adeno-associated virus (AAV) Rep68 and Rep78 proteins are able to nick the AAV origin of DNA replication at the terminal resolution site (trs) in an ATP-dependent manner. Using four types of modified or mutant substrates, we now have investigated the substrate requirements of Rep68 ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.10.6096-6104.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our study was designed to investigate the nature of an antigen-specific suppressor factor generated by antigen-stimulated herpes simplex virus (HSV)-immune splenocytes. Factor SF-200, a 90,000- to 100,000-dalton fraction obtained after Sephacryl gel filtration, suppressed the generation of HSV-specific cytotoxic T-lym...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.58.2.331-338.1986
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00