Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Mumbai is a hot spot for drug-resistant TB, and private practitioners trained in AYUSH systems (Ayurveda, yoga, Unani, Siddha and homeopathy) are major healthcare providers. It is important to understand how AYUSH practitioners manage patients with TB or presumptive TB. METHODS:We conducted semi-structured interviews of 175 Mumbai slum-based practitioners holding degrees in Ayurveda, homeopathy and Unani. Most providers gave multiple interviews. We observed 10 providers in clinical interactions, documenting: clinical examinations, symptoms, history taking, prescriptions and diagnostic tests. RESULTS:No practitioners exclusively used his or her system of training. The practice of biomedicine is frequent, with practitioners often using biomedical disease categories and diagnostics. The use of homeopathy was rare (only 4% of consultations with homeopaths resulted in homeopathic remedies) and Ayurveda rarer (3% of consultations). For TB, all mentioned chest x-ray while 31 (17.7%) mentioned sputum smear as a TB test. One hundred and sixty-four practitioners (93.7%) reported referring TB patients to a public hospital or chest physician. Eleven practitioners (6.3%) reported treating patients with TB. Nine (5.1%) reported treating patients with drug-susceptible TB with at least one second-line drug. CONCLUSIONS:Important sources of health care in Mumbai's slums, AYUSH physicians frequently use biomedical therapies and most refer patients with TB to chest physicians or the public sector. They are integral to TB care and control.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
McDowell A,Pai Mdoi
10.1093/trstmh/trw009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
192-8issue
3eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503pii
trw009journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The involvement of the lung in 13 cases of human visceral leishmaniasis was studied. Interstitial pneumonitis with mononuclear cells was found in 76.8% of the cases; 53.8% also had foci of septal fibrosis. Leishmania were seen within macrophages in 3 cases only. However, all 10 interstitial pneumonitis cases showed PA...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90712-8
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had clinical pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Lusaka, Zambia. The results were compared with a similar group of patients in Stockholm, Sweden. Induced sputum...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90290-3
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preserved sera from patients with various forms of leishmaniasis, acute and chronic Chagas's disease and from normal individuals were examined for the presence of IgG and IgA antibodies by the IFA test. The leishmanial antigen used in the IFA test was prepared from a hamster infected with the PH8 strain of Leishmania ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(81)90329-1
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral gnathostomiasis is a severe form of human infection caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum. We report sequential brain imaging in serologically proven cerebral gnathostomiasis. The clinical and radiographic correlation showed the probable route taken by the parasite during its migration through the central nervous ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.09.011
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous leishmaniasis was detected in 4 of 117 feral dogs, none of which presented any evidence of visceral involvement, in the Al-Hassa area of Saudi Arabia where neither Leishmania infantum nor L. tropica are transmitted. The parasites isolated from 3 of the animals were identified by biochemical techniques as L. ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(87)90353-1
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to use a modified Lot Quality Assurance Sampling methodology to classify communities according to prevalence of active trachoma and to estimate the prevalence of trachoma and trichiasis in Nioro department, Kaolack Region, Senegal. A survey was conducted using two-stage cluster sampling...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.06.029
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A serological study was undertaken to determine the role of arboviruses as etiological agents of encephalitis in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Paired sera were collected during mosquito seasons in 1988-1990 from 614 patients with possible viral encephalitis in 15 regions of PRC and tested for haemagglutination...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90569-x
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of haptoglobin polymorphisms on severe malaria occurrence was assessed in 1183 individuals from The Gambia. No significant association was found between severe malaria and either haptoglobin genotypes or phenotypes. The advantages of using a deoxyribonucleic acid-based haptoglobin typing method are discu...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90114-8
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the results of a short study of the epidemiology of Leishmania tropica in the Sheikh Maksoud District of Aleppo, Syria. The present and past status of infection in a community of about 100,000 people are assessed from prevalence and incidence data obtained by active and passive case detection, and from a ski...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(93)90111-3
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Algeria where two forms have been previously described, the sporadic form caused by Leishmania infantum in the north and the cutaneous form caused by L. major in central and southern parts of the country. During 2005, a CL outbreak occurred in the province of Ghardaïa, locate...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.013
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A coagglutination test using Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain 1 sensitized with specific antiserum successfully identified Naegleria fowleri in axenic and monoxenic culture by detection of a heat stable antigen released into the culture medium during growth. Strong coagglutination, visible to the naked eye, occurred...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(86)90141-0
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cultured stocks of Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba buetschlli and Dientamoeba fragilis were compared with the four Entamoeba histolytical groups already described (SARGEAUNT et al., 1978), by the electrophoretic patterns of three enzymes: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and L...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(79)90219-0
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To help to elucidate the changes induced by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the central nervous system (CNS) in advanced sleeping sickness patients, levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and prostaglandins D2 (PGD2) and E2 (PGE2) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 24 patients diagnosed on...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(90)90085-s
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A population-based study of the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in patients suffering from mild or moderate opisthorchiasis in Prachinburi province, Thailand was conducted in 1990-1992. The effectiveness of treatment with praziquantel at 40 mg/kg body weight was evaluated. After treatment, a long-la...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(94)90164-3
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tropical sprue, a primary malabsorption syndrome affecting residents and visitors to several tropical regions, occurs in southern India in endemic and epidemic forms. The stomach, the small intestine and colon are affected and malabsorption results in nutrient deficiency. Enterocyte damage, the primary lesion in south...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(88)90247-7
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The impact of concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the antibody response of onchocerciasis patients to Onchocerca volvulus antigens (OvAg) was studied by Western blotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in sera from 45 HIV-sero-positive O. volvulu...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90488-5
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Defaecation timing of the Triatominae vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi directly affects the transmission probability of Chagas disease to mammal hosts. Experimental studies with fifth instar nymphs of Triatoma infestans showed that defaecation time was negatively affected by blood meal size and positively affected by star...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(91)90462-8
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2000 we used a sensitive technique to examine 9 isolates from malaria patients in Muheza, Tanzania who had failed treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Three isolates carried, at low levels, the leucine to isoleucine change at amino acid 164 that is associated with clinical failure of SP. Numerous other hi...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90349-4
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to investigate the outcome of children with Japanese encephalitis (JE) and to examine the predictors of the outcome. METHODS:We reviewed the medical records of children with laboratory-confirmed Japanese encephalitis hospitalized in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2010. At le...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/trstmh/trt064
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Promotion of breastfeeding is a key component of infant health policies globally. However, maternal HIV infection is a possible contraindication for breastfeeding since it can result in mother-to-child transmission. Research into infant-feeding strategies which will promote the health of all infants but also protect a...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(03)90010-1
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A range of animal models of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection have been reported, and the host species differ widely both in their susceptibility to infection and in the pathogenesis of disease. In mice, and depending on the route of infection, dose, and mouse strain, the disease can range from a chronic, and in som...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0035-9203(08)70026-9
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 'non-blind' randomized hand washing intervention study was conducted in a low socioeconomic community in Rangoon to determine if hand washing by 494 children under 5 years old and their mothers could reduce the incidence of diarrhoea and dysentery in these children. Children and mothers in the intervention group wer...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90737-2
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By microinjection of cryopreserved microfilariae (mf) into nulliparous flies, a comparison of the lengths of the infective larvae (L3) of Onchocerca volvulus and O. ochengi from the head of Simulium damnosum s.l. (presumed S. sirbanum) has been made. The suitability of S. sirbanum as a host was similar for both Onchoc...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90443-g
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six villages in Lofa County, north-west Liberia, and one near the coast were surveyed for the presence of indirect fluorescent antibodies (IFA) to Lassa virus (LV). Prevalences were similar among males and females, and among various age groups. The prevalence of IFA positive sera, 6.4%, in two roadside villages was si...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90013-0
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A serological survey was carried out to determine the frequency of distribution of hydatid antibodies in Pondicherry during 1981 to 1984. 1325 apparently normal sera and 109 sera from clinically suspected hydatid disease cases were screened by the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test. Results showed a diagnostic titr...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(87)90037-x
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:963 sera from contacts, persons from various localities, and blood donors were examined with a commercially produced kit for micro-immunofluorescence for the presence of antibodies to Rickettsia conorii. 10.6% of sera were serologically positive. The higher rates of positivity were observed in sera of contacts (19%) a...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90163-9
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a lack of information on the disease burden due to Taenia solium taeniasis and its associated risk factors in pig farming communities throughout the world. The present study was conducted in a rural pig farming community of north India to estimate the prevalence of T. solium taeniasis and associated factors. ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.04.019
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe here a method, potentially suitable for field applications, for semi-quantitative detection of Mycobacterium leprae antigens in skin scrapings, which are taken normally for smear microscopy. Thirty acid-fast bacilli-negative paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients comprised the main study group; eight acid-fa...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.02.026
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of 209 patients with liver disease attending the Al Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, 172 were suffering from acute hepatitis. The proportion harbouring the hepatitis B surface antigen was unknown. Of the remainder, 10 were suffering from chronic active hepatitis, five from primary hepatoma and six from cirrhosis. Infection ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(81)90202-9
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth of Giardia intestinalis in TYI-S-33 medium containing a sub-lethal concentration of metronidazole over a period of 66 weeks selected a line of organisms that was over 8 times less sensitive to the drug. This resistance was unstable and the organisms reverted to their original sensitivity within 22 weeks of grow...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(88)90278-7
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
