Abstract:
:Polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) fulfil the need for insensitive munitions. However, the environmental impacts of PBX are unclear, even though it is likely that PBX residues from low-order detonations and unexploded ordnance are deposited on military training ranges. The release of high explosives from the polymer matrix into the environment has not been studied in detail, although as polymers degrade slowly in the environment we anticipate high explosives to be released into the environment. In this study, PBXN-109 (nominally 64% RDX) samples were exposed to variable UK climatic conditions reproduced in the laboratory to determine the effects of temperature, UV irradiation and rainfall on the release of RDX from the polymer binder. The most extreme conditions for spring, summer and winter in the UK were artificially reproduced. We found that up to 0.03% of RDX was consistently released from PBXN-109. The rate of RDX release was highest in samples exposed to the summer simulation, which had the lowest rainfall, but the highest temperatures and longest UV exposure. This was confirmed by additional experiments simulating an extreme summer month with consistently high temperatures and long periods of sunlight. These results probably reflect the combination of polymer swelling and degradation when samples are exposed to higher temperatures and prolonged UV irradiation.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Kumar M,Ladyman MK,Mai N,Temple T,Coulon Fdoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.107subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-01 00:00:00pages
604-608eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(16)31650-2journal_volume
169pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
CHEMOSPHERE文献大全abstract::Stable isotope composition (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) and persistent pollutants, including heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Zn) and organochlorine compounds (PCBs, HCB and p,p'-DDE), were measured in muscle and liver tissues of wild and farmed bluefin tuna to investigate the changes occurring during the farming peri...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.041
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a dispersive persistent organic pollutant in the environment. Accumulating reports suggest that PFOA is toxic to human lymphocytes; however, the toxicological effects of PFOA on these cells remain largely unclear. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-based meta...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124810
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A woody-biochar was added to waste biomass during a composting process. The resulting compost-char was amended to a metal contaminated soil and two plant species, L. perenne and E. sativa, were grown in a pot experiment to determine 1) plant survival and stress factors, 2) uptake of metals to plants and, 3) chemical c...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125255
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Presented are results of a study on accumulation of naturally occurring 210Po and 210Pb in ecological and conventional farming food products in Poland: fruits, vegetables and cereals. The main idea behind this research was to determine the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in ecological and commercial food as...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.051
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adsorption and coprecipitation of organic matter with iron (hydr)oxides can alter iron (hydr)oxide surface properties and their reactivity towards nutrient elements and heavy metals. Organo-mineral composites were synthesized using humic acid (HA) and iron oxide, during coprecipitation with ferrihydrite (Fh) and adsor...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.092
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recoveries of twenty-two organochlorine pesticides spiked in egg samples were extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide and solvent extraction using acetonitrile were compared. The extracts were cleaned up with C18 and Florisil SPE columns. At 0.1 ppm spike level, the recoveries were 5...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00021-5
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the study was to elucidate the biotic and abiotic processes under dissimilatory iron reducing conditions involved in reductive dechlorination and iron reduction. DDT transformation was investigated in cultures of Shewanella putrefaciens 200 with/without α-FeOOH. A modified first-order kinetics model w...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.020
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel electrospun dual-responsive polyethersulfone-poly(dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate nanofibrous adsorbent was fabricated via electrospinning for the removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solution. Morphological, chemical, and dual-responsiveness of the composite nanofibrous adsorbent were characterized using scanni...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125287
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemosensors have attracted increasing attention for their usefulness on-site detection and monitoring. In this study, we elucidated a novel, facile, and highly selective Chemo-Paper-Sensor (CPS) for detection and monitoring of strontium (Sr(2+)) ions, which means a potent colorimetric sensor based on a Chrysoidine G ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.110
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was to isolate and identify a potent algicidal compound from extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and study the potential inhibition mechanism on Microcystis aeruginosa. Column chromatography and bioassay-guided fractionation methods were carried out to yield neo-przewaquinone A, which was identified by sp...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.068
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of salinity on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge was investigated in an anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The contents of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were positively correlated with the salinity. The polysaccharide (PS) and protein (PN) c...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.038
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the promoting effect of soluble organic fertilizer (SOF) on arsenic (As) release and depletion by rice plant in flooded paddy soil was investigated. The increased soil DOC with SOF incorporation displayed a significantly positive correlation with As in soil solution (r = 0.415, p < 0.01). Porewater As w...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126521
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Present study prepared a new magnetic and thermo dual-responsive core-shell nanomaterial (Fe@SiO2@poly(N-isopropylacrymide-co-methacrylic acid, Fe@SiO2@PNIPAM-co-MAA), which was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The new nanomaterials integrated with the magnetism of na...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124621
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) have been detected in various environmental matrices worldwide, no studies have been conducted to evaluate their concentrations in surface water or precipitation. Therefore, we developed a sensitive and reliable method to analyze various environmental aqueous samples for the pre...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.029
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) and their composition profile was investigated in 48 water samples collected from the German Bight. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction with Strata XAW cartridges and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.052
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are projected to increase in usage across many industries. Two studies were conducted using Zea L. (corn) seeds exposed to SWNT spiked soil for 40 d. In Study 1, corn was exposed to various SWNT concentrations (0, 10, and 100 mg/kg) with different functionalities (non-functionalize...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.093
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are found as ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, e.g., in sediments and biota as well as in human blood samples and mother's milk. PBDEs are neuro- and developmental toxins, disturb the endocrine system and some are even carcinogenic. Structural similarities of PBDEs with ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.025
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ammonia is one of the two mandatory indexes for China's water environment pollution control. The current China ammonia water quality standard does not reflect the effect of water quality parameters on ammonia toxicity. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China just released the China National Aquatic Life Crite...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126379
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are widely used in agricultural production processes in China and worldwide. NEOs have been an increasing concern because of their potential toxicity to nontarget organisms. However, studies that focused on human exposure to NEOs in China are limited. In this study, levels of six pare...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128498
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A field study was conducted to further our understanding about the fate and transport of the organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos, and its degradation product, chlorpyrifos oxon. Leaf, soil and air sampling was conducted for 21 days after chlorpyrifos application to a field of purple tansy (Phacelia tanacetifolia...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125194
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the geochemical characteristics of recent shallow-water aragonite-rich sediments from the karstic marine lakes located in the pristine environment on the island of Mljet (Adriatic Sea). Different trace elements were used as authigenic mineral formation, palaeoredox and pollution indicators. The...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.134
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty-eight surface sediments and two sediment cores were collected from Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) and adjacent East China Sea (ECS) to study the distribution patterns, origins, potential transport and burden of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the marginal sea. Residues of OCPs ranged from 0.190 to 5.17 ng g(-1...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.100
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of iron(III) has long been recognized as a difficulty when ultraviolet absorbance measurements of dissolved organic matter are desired. This interference was studied in water samples of diverse origins and properties, and a procedure is discussed which uses hydroxylamine to reduce up to 10 mg L(-1) (0.18 ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.062
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct Red 28 (DR28) is a benzidine-based azo dye widely used in several countries. It has also been a subject of intense research for its anti-prion activity. Like other benzidine-based azo dyes, it is also carcinogenic and toxic. However, there are very few studies addressing its detoxification. In the present study...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.043
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The covalent organic framework (COF) is made light elements linked by covalent networks. This study synthesize and characterized, and for the first time applied the produced EB-COF:Br as adsorbent for phosphate and arsenate removal from nearly neutral waters. The synthesized COF was first proven structurally stable in...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126736
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, two fresh water fishes namely, Channa punctatus and Clarias batrachus, were exposed to three sub-acute concentrations of synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin, for 96 h to evaluate the role of amino acids in fulfilling the immediate energy needs of fishes under pyrethroid induced stress as well as t...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.062
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptomic analysis can complement traditional ecotoxicology data by providing mechanistic insight, and by identifying sub-lethal organismal responses and contaminant classes underlying observed toxicity. Before transcriptomic information can be used in monitoring and risk assessment, it is necessary to determine ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.019
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial remediation of heavy metal-polluted soil is a commonly used method. Burkholderia sp. Y4, isolated from cadmium (Cd)-contaminated rice rhizosphere soil, was investigated for its direct and indirect effects on Cd accumulation in rice by SEM-EDS, FITR and sequencing analysis of the soil bacterial community. Bur...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126603
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The measurements of a monoterpene (α-pinene) were performed by the PTR-TOF-MS instrument at an urban site of India from mid-January to March 2014. The daytime concentration increased from 0.15 ppb in the second-half of January to 0.40 ppb in the second-half of March. Both the nighttime and daytime ratios of α-pinene/b...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127071
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tricresyl phosphates (TCPs), a typical sort of organophosphate flame retardants, has received extensive concerns due to its potential adverse effects. However, limited information is available on the efficient and safe removal methods of TCPs. In this regard, TCPs were tentatively biodegraded with Brevibacillus brevis...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.188
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00