Abstract:
:Direct Red 28 (DR28) is a benzidine-based azo dye widely used in several countries. It has also been a subject of intense research for its anti-prion activity. Like other benzidine-based azo dyes, it is also carcinogenic and toxic. However, there are very few studies addressing its detoxification. In the present study, a Bacillus velezensis strain was used for detoxification of DR28. Toxicity was checked by a battery of highly sensitive genotoxicity assays like comet assay, DNA ladder formation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay and flow cytometric Annexin V binding assay. HL-60 cell line was used as the test system. All the assays showed an initial increase in toxicity upon biodegradation due to release of mutagenic products, like benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl, from the dye. These intermediates caused significant DNA damage and induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Then the culture degraded these mutagenic intermediates, due to which the toxicity was reduced gradually, finally resulting in nearly complete detoxification.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Bafana A,Jain M,Agrawal G,Chakrabarti Tdoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.043subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
1404-6issue
10eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(08)01431-8journal_volume
74pub_type
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