Abstract：
:The association of general anesthesia with developmental neurotoxicity, while nearly impossible to study in pediatric populations, is clearly demonstrable in a variety of animal models from rodents to nonhuman primates. Nearly all general anesthetics tested have been shown to cause abnormal brain cell death in animals when administered during periods of rapid brain growth. The ability to repeatedly assess in the same subjects adverse effects induced by general anesthetics provides significant power to address the time course of important events associated with exposures. Minimally-invasive procedures provide the opportunity to bridge the preclinical/clinical gap by providing the means to more easily translate findings from the animal laboratory to the human clinic. Positron Emission Tomography or PET is a tool with great promise for realizing this goal. PET for small animals (microPET) is providing valuable data on the life cycle of general anesthetic induced neurotoxicity. PET radioligands (annexin V and DFNSH) targeting apoptotic processes have demonstrated that a single bout of general anesthesia effected during a vulnerable period of CNS development can result in prolonged apoptotic signals lasting for several weeks in the rat. A marker of cellular proliferation (FLT) has demonstrated in rodents that general anesthesia-induced inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation is evident when assessed a full 2weeks after exposure. Activated glia express Translocator Protein (TSPO) which can be used as a marker of presumed neuroinflammatory processes and a PET ligand for the TSPO (FEPPA) has been used to track this process in both rat and nonhuman primate models. It has been shown that single bouts of general anesthesia can result in elevated TSPO expression lasting for over a week. These examples demonstrate the utility of specific PET tracers to inform, in a minimally-invasive fashion, processes associated with general anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. The fact that PET procedures are also used clinically suggests an opportunity to confirm in humans what has been repeatedly observed in animals.
journal_name
Neurotoxicol Teratoljournal_title
Neurotoxicology and teratologyauthors
Zhang X,Liu F,Slikker W Jr,Wang C,Paule MGdoi
10.1016/j.ntt.2016.10.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
95-101eissn
0892-0362issn
1872-9738pii
S0892-0362(16)30118-0journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:We have studied the reactive responses of both astrocytes and microglia to dopaminergic denervation of the striatum by MPTP. Following MPTP treatment, increased GFAP immunoreactivity reached a peak at 2 days and persisted for at least 6 weeks. Immunoreactivity to vimentin was also markedly increased in astrocytes 48 h...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(94)00048-i
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between prenatal exposure to nicotine from tobacco smoke and infant neurobehavior using tobacco biomarkers and a sensitive and comprehensive measure of infant neurobehavior. STUDY DESIGN:Participants were 318 infants (206 White, 95 Black, 17 Other) and their mothers. Prenatal tobac...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2009.07.004
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylphenidate (MPD) is a dopamine uptake inhibitor and the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Several studies have shown that such stimulants as cocaine and amphetamine that are administered during gestation and lactation may disrupt maternal beha...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.008
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the distribution of cocaine and its metabolites benzoylecgonine (BE) and norcocaine (NOR) in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and fetuses following twice-daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of 20 mg/kg cocaine HCl from gestational day (GD) 8 through GD 20. On GD 21, the animals received a single injection and...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00037-9
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the literature on the effects of early exposure to neurotoxic agents on infant and child development, considerable attention has been devoted to two important issues--ascertainment of exposure and spurious correlation. In this paper, we review these research challenges and focus on three additional issues that, in ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2005.01.009
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ionizing radiation is a precise tool for altering formation of the developing cerebral cortex of the fetal rat. Whole body exposure of the pregnant rat on gestational day 13, 15 or 17 to 1.0 Gy of gamma radiation resulted in maximum thinning of the cortex on days 15 and 17. In the preweaning period, functional tests (...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(88)90040-2
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perfluorinated alkyls are widely-used agents that accumulate in ecosystems and organisms because of their slow rate of degradation. There is increasing concern that these agents may be developmental neurotoxicants and the present study was designed to develop an avian model for the neurobehavioral teratogenicity of pe...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2009.11.004
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The present study examined the impact of both perinatal maternal depression and cocaine use on infant neurobehavior at 1 month of age in a large, multi-site study. METHODS:Infant neurobehavior was examined in 1053 infants at 1 month of age using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS). Mothers were int...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2006.12.001
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead is a persistent metal and commonly present in our living environment. The present study was aimed to investigate lead-induced embryonic toxicity, behavioral responses, and adult learning/memory deficit in zebrafish. Lead acetate (PbAc) induced malformations such as uninflated swim bladder, bent spine and yolk-sac...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2012.09.001
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although cocaine administration reduces blood flow to the fetus in the pregnant ewe, the effects of cocaine on uterine and placental blood flow in the pregnant rat have not been adequately documented. The current study tested the hypothesis that cocaine decreased uterine and placental blood flow in awake and freely mo...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00022-7
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adolescence is a period of dramatic neural reorganization creating a period of vulnerability and the possibility for the development of psychopathology. The maturation of various neural circuits during adolescence depends, to a large degree, on one's experiences both physical and psychosocial. This occurs through a pr...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106834
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sensory-evoked potentials (EPs) were studied in male Long-Evans and Fischer-344 rats in order to characterize the electrophysiological consequences of chronic inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE). Groups of ten Long-Evans rats were exposed to air or 1600 ppm or 3200 ppm TCE for twelve weeks and evaluated per...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(91)90031-q
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reversible protein phosphorylation is a central mechanism regulating many biological functions, and abnormal protein phosphorylation can have a devastating impact on cellular control mechanisms, including a contributing role in neurodegenerative processes. Hence, many promising novel drug development strategies involv...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2003.12.007
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) leads to the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PD) is maybe initiated or precipitated by environmental or endogenous toxins by the mechanism similar to that of MPTP in genetically-predisposed individuals. Endogenous analogs of MPTP, such as beta-c...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(02)00212-x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While there is a long-standing tradition of using behavioral methods to study the effects of manufactured drugs and environmental chemicals, comparatively little attention has focused until recently on the behavioral effects of marine or freshwater toxins. A vast array of microorganisms, found in a variety of waters, ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2005.06.007
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) is widespread, including pregnant women and young children with whom developmental neurotoxic risk is a concern. Given similarities of OPFRs to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, research into the possible neurotoxic impacts of developmental OPFR exposure has be...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2018.03.002
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uranium is a heavy metal known to induce toxicity in kidneys. It is also known to enter the central nervous system, thus inducing neurophysiological effects, after exposure to relatively high concentrations. The effect of chronic uranium exposure (40 mg l(-1) in drinking water, for 90 days) on electroencephalographic ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2005.07.005
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During 1991, the Middle Atlantic Reproduction and Teratology Association (MARTA) conducted a survey of laboratories performing behavioral evaluations as part of GLP developmental toxicity studies. This survey was conducted to determine the extent to which an "industry standard" had evolved for behavioral test batterie...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(94)90009-4
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infant looking behaviors measured during visual assessment paradigms may be more reliable predictors of long-term cognitive outcomes than standard measures such as the Bayley Scales of Infant Development typically used in environmental epidemiology. Infrared eye tracking technology offers an innovative approach to aut...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106904
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk assessment of developmental toxicants is almost exclusively based on single chemicals studied in animals under controlled experimental conditions, as to reduce stress. Although humans may be exposed simultaneously to numerous hazards, little is known about the interaction of prenatal chemical exposures with other...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2007.02.003
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study aim was to determine whether low level exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) causes neuropsychological or psychiatric impairment. Methodological weaknesses of earlier studies were addressed by: recruiting participants who had retired on ill health grounds; excluding participants with a history of acut...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2010.03.004
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antiviral adenosine analog, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), and the antitubercular nicotinic acid analogue, isoniazid, have recently received widespread clinical application in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical studies indicate that the primary dose limiting side effect of both drugs...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(96)00088-8
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To identify the frequency range most sensitive to toluene-induced auditory damage, the auditory function of adult Long-Evans rats exposed to 1750 ppm of toluene (6 h/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks), was tested by recording auditory-evoked potentials directly from the round window of the cochlea. The present electrocochleog...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(98)00057-9
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive performance was examined in 145 thirteen- to sixteen-year-old adolescents for whom prenatal exposure to marihuana and cigarettes had been ascertained. The subjects were from a low-risk, predominantly middle-class sample participating in an ongoing, longitudinal study. The assessment battery included tests of...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(03)00029-1
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The postnatal behavioral effects of 0.20, 0.62 and 2.0 mg/kg cadmium chloride administered to pregnant CFY rats on gestational days 7 through 15 were evaluated. Offspring were tested starting on postnatal day 23 on a rotorod for motor coordination, in an open field device for motor activity and emotionality, in a wate...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(90)90130-5
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zidovudine (AZT) is the main therapeutic agent against HIV vertical transmission and is routinely administered to seropositive pregnant women and their newborns. Toxicity after chronic administration as well as citogenetic effects following developmental AZT exposure has been reported. Furthermore, recent animal data ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2004.09.008
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of a neurobehavioral screening battery to differentiate the effects of two pyrethroids, permethrin and cypermethrin, was assessed in this experiment. Although the structures of these pesticides differ only in the alpha-cyano group, the behavioral syndromes associated with the Type I and II pyrethroids are ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(93)90065-v
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research suggests that not only is marijuana use prevalent among women of reproductive age, but a significant number of women continue to use marijuana and its derivatives throughout pregnancy. Many studies have shown, in both humans and animals, that marijuana exposure during adolescence and adulthood is detrimental ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2011.10.006
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most behavioral teratology studies have focused on pharmaceutical agents. Investigations of developmental toxicity are lacking for the majority of the nearly 100,000 industrial chemicals currently in use. Only some three dozen chemicals have been examined for behavioral/neurochemical deviations in offspring following ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(90)90047-g
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two hundred thirty-six children from two established cohorts at risk for exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related contaminants were evaluated at age 4 years. Prenatal exposure (assessed by cord serum PCB level) was associated with lower weight, an effect consistent with reports of growth retardation in...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(90)90050-m
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
